Quantifying Research Integrity
Quantifying Research Integrity

Author: Michael Seadle

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 3031023064

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Institutions typically treat research integrity violations as black and white, right or wrong. The result is that the wide range of grayscale nuances that separate accident, carelessness, and bad practice from deliberate fraud and malpractice often get lost. This lecture looks at how to quantify the grayscale range in three kinds of research integrity violations: plagiarism, data falsification, and image manipulation. Quantification works best with plagiarism, because the essential one-to-one matching algorithms are well known and established tools for detecting when matches exist. Questions remain, however, of how many matching words of what kind in what location in which discipline constitute reasonable suspicion of fraudulent intent. Different disciplines take different perspectives on quantity and location. Quantification is harder with data falsification, because the original data are often not available, and because experimental replication remains surprisingly difficult. The same is true with image manipulation, where tools exist for detecting certain kinds of manipulations, but where the tools are also easily defeated. This lecture looks at how to prevent violations of research integrity from a pragmatic viewpoint, and at what steps can institutions and publishers take to discourage problems beyond the usual ethical admonitions. There are no simple answers, but two measures can help: the systematic use of detection tools and requiring original data and images. These alone do not suffice, but they represent a start. The scholarly community needs a better awareness of the complexity of research integrity decisions. Only an open and wide-spread international discussion can bring about a consensus on where the boundary lines are and when grayscale problems shade into black. One goal of this work is to move that discussion forward.

Fostering Integrity in Research
Fostering Integrity in Research

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2018-01-13

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 0309391253

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The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

Measuring Compliance
Measuring Compliance

Author: Melissa Rorie

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-02-24

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 1108804616

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Compliance, or the behavioral response to legal rules, has become an important topic for academics and practitioners. A large body of work exists that describes different influences on business compliance, but a fundamental challenge remains: how to measure compliance or noncompliance behavior itself? Without proper measurement, it's impossible to evaluate existing management and regulatory enforcement practices. Measuring Compliance provides the first comprehensive overview of different approaches that are or could be used to measure compliance by business organizations. The book addresses the strengths and weaknesses of various methods and offers both academics and practitioners guidance on which measures are best for different purposes. In addition to understanding the importance of measuring compliance and its potential negative effects in a variety of contexts, readers will learn how to collect data to answer different questions in the compliance domain, and how to offer suggestions for improving compliance measurement.

Ethics in Research Practice and Innovation
Ethics in Research Practice and Innovation

Author: Sandu, Antonio

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2018-11-16

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 1522563113

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A particularly important component of any research project is its ethical dimensions which can refer to varied categories of practice – from the protection of human subjects involved in medical and social research to the publication of results research. More recently, with the estimation of the possible consequences of the implementation of technology, it is important for today’s researchers to address the standards of scientific practice and avoid unethical behavior. Ethics in Research Practice and Innovation is an essential reference source that discusses current and historical aspects of ethical values in scientific research and technologies, as well as emerging perspectives of conducting ethical research in a variety of fields. Featuring research on topics such as clinical trials, human subjects, and informed consent, this book is ideally designed for practitioners, medical professionals, nurses, researchers, scientists, scholars, academicians, policy makers, and students seeking coverage on the ethical risks and limitations of research practice.

Responsible Conduct of Research
Responsible Conduct of Research

Author: Adil E. Shamoo

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2009-02-12

Total Pages: 441

ISBN-13: 0199709602

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Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today.

Surviving and Thriving in Postgraduate Research
Surviving and Thriving in Postgraduate Research

Author: Ray Cooksey

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-06-27

Total Pages: 1199

ISBN-13: 9811377472

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This handbook provides an in-depth exploration of the entire journey of postgraduate research in the social and behavioural sciences, from enrolment to its culmination in the form of a thesis, dissertation or portfolio, and beyond. It is written in an accessible and example-rich style, offering practical and concrete advice in virtually all areas. It also includes references to additional resources and websites, and each chapter features key recommendations for improving the postgraduate research experience. The book addresses not only research-related aspects (e.g. supervisors; selecting your guiding assumptions; contextualising, framing and configuring research; reviewing literature; sampling; writing proposals; ethics and academic integrity; selecting a data gathering strategy; surviving your thesis/dissertation/portfolio examination; and publishing), but also questions concerning how to integrate, manage, and balance the research journey in the context of the postgraduate student’s broader life-world (e.g. skill development and supervisor relations; effective time and project management; a healthy work–life balance; maintaining motivation; and dealing with criticism). The book adopts an explicitly pluralist perspective on postgraduate research, moving beyond mixed methods thinking, and offers concrete examples from postgraduate students’ real-world experiences.

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2019-10-20

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0309486165

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One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Research and Publication Ethics
Research and Publication Ethics

Author: Prof (Dr.) V. K. Ahuja

Publisher: National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam

Published: 2024-01-22

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 8195427693

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The book “Research and Publication Ethics” is published by National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam with the sole objective to help researchers for the responsible conduct of research. National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam was established by the National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam Act, 2009 (Act No. XXV of 2009) as the fourteenth National Law University of the country in Guwahati, the capital city of Assam. National Law University and Judicial Academy Assam is committed to inculcate academic excellence for preparing leaders of law who shape the country by their knowledge, wisdom, discovery, and creativity. Further, the University is committed to cultivate an inclusive environment that celebrates plurality and leverages on the creative potential of diversity. The University strives for a distinctive niche in the academic firmament of the country as a forbearer of creative ideation and leadership development. University Grants Commission in its 543rd meeting held on 9th August 2019 approved Two-Credit Course for awareness about publication ethics and publication misconducts entitled “Research and Publication Ethics (RPE)” to be made compulsory for all Ph.D. students for pre-registration coursework. Therefore, the book aims to achieve the objectives of University Grants Commission and intends to provide the concepts of Research and Publication Ethics in a more comprehensive way. It is expected to gain more insights on the Academic integrity in the realm of new technological influxes.

Implementing a Comprehensive Research Compliance Program
Implementing a Comprehensive Research Compliance Program

Author: Aurali Dade

Publisher: IAP

Published: 2015-07-01

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13: 1681231336

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The senior research compliance administrator has emerged as a critically important position as universities and other research organizations face an increasingly intricate regulatory environment. These administrators are tasked with a special challenge: ensuring that their institutions conduct safe, ethical, and compliant research while also helping researchers understand and meet compliance requirements and achieve their research goals. These competing responsibilities can make the role of the research administrator complex; however, those who serve in this role may find that they have limited preparation for the challenges and little or no formal education in the field. Thus, the goal of this handbook is to provide practical guidance to research administrators who are responsible for a wide variety of compliance programs. Previous volumes on these topics have focused primarily on educating research faculty, staff, and students. An assumption in many of these handbooks is that all additional questions related to research ethics and regulations should be directed to the senior research administrator; yet, the books have limited guidance intended for the senior research administrators themselves. This handbook is designed, therefore, to serve as a detailed program implementation manual for these administrators, who are expected to be conversant on a broad range of complex ethical and regulatory topics and to provide guidance to those conducting research, as well as upper administration and others interested in safe, ethical, and compliant research.