CRO – Contract Research Organization: How Drug Research is Evolving

CRO – Contract Research Organization: How Drug Research is Evolving

Author: Jakob Miera

Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)

Published: 2014-02-01

Total Pages: 90

ISBN-13: 3954896982

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This book deals in general with mergers & acquisitions in the CRO industry, and more specifically with reasons for M&A, success factors during the M&A process, and why M&A can fail in the Contract Research Organization industry. The pharmaceutical industry faces increasing obstacles in respect to the development and introduction of new medications. That has to do with stricter requirements for admission and sharper controls by authorities. Today, the research and development of a new drug can easily consume more than $800 million and lasting between 10 and 15 years. Due to these facts pharmaceutical companies are looking for an alternative in the drug development process. A popular alternative is the outsourcing or in-house working with Contract Research Organizations (CRO). CRO are specialized in coordination and monitoring of drug development activities. The size of the CRO market in 2012 was around $32 billion and had an estimated market growth of around 9 – 12% for 2013. Increased outsourcing and allocation of R&D money towards CRO reflects a driving force for prospective growth. Contract Research Organizations consider mergers & acquisitions as a vital solution to achieve their objectives.


Legal and Ethical Regulation of Biomedical Research in Developing Countries

Legal and Ethical Regulation of Biomedical Research in Developing Countries

Author: Remigius N. Nwabueze

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-22

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 1317106423

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There has been a rapid increase in the pace and scope of international collaborative research in developing countries in recent years. This study argues that whilst ethical regulation of biomedical research in Africa and other developing countries has attracted global attention, legal liability issues, such as the application of common law rules and the development of legally enforceable regulations, have been neglected. It examines some of the major research scandals in Africa and suggests a new ethical framework against which clinical trials could be conducted. The development of research guidelines in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and Nigeria are also examined as well as the role of ethics committees. Providing a detailed analysis of the law of negligence and its application to research ethics committees and their members, common law and constitutional forms of action and potential negligence claims, the book concludes by suggesting new protocols and frameworks, improved regulation and litigation. This book will be a valuable guide for students, researchers, and policy-makers with an interest in medical law and ethics, bioethics, customary law in Africa and regulation in developing countries.


Clinical Research Monitoring: A European Approach

Clinical Research Monitoring: A European Approach

Author: A A Van Dooren

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2017-09-21

Total Pages: 535

ISBN-13: 9813223197

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Clinical research monitoring is a vital aspect of Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Its principles are straightforward: they are aimed at protecting those subjects that participate in the trial, and their goal is to provide reliable data that will contribute to the safety and efficacy of the intervention under study, i.e. to support the health of future subjects. However, the practical implementation of these major goals is complicated. Various mishaps have happened in recent history, and an extensive set of international rules and regulations have emerged.This book gives a thorough survey of the ethical and legal aspects of clinical research and provides a detailed guideline for implementing these aspects into the practice of studying investigational medicinal products in humans, in the European context. It can be used as a study aid for starting monitors, a reference guide for more experienced monitors, and anyone else involved in clinical research.Related Link(s)


The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines

The Politics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Access to Medicines

Author: Hans Löfgren

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-06

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1351470590

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The book studies the pharmaceutical industry of India. It is one of the most successful stories of economic expansion and improvements in public health. Indian firms have made access to quality medicines possible and affordable in many developing countries. Indian pharmaceuticals are also exported on a large scale to the United States and other highly regulated markets. A wave of mergers, acquisitions and tie-ups point to growing integration between Indian firms and global pharma multinationals. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka


Controversies in Latin American Bioethics

Controversies in Latin American Bioethics

Author: Eduardo Rivera-López

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-06-19

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 303017963X

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This book offers a first rate selection of academic articles on Latin American bioethics. It covers different issues, such as vulnerability, abortion, biomedical research with human subjects, environment, exploitation, commodification, reproductive medicine, among others. Latin American bioethics has been, to an important extent, parochial and unable to meet stringent international standards of rational philosophical discussion. The new generations of bioethicists are changing this situation, and this book demonstrates that change. All articles are written from the perspective of Latin American scholars from several disciplines such as philosophy and law. Working with the tools of analytical philosophy and jurisprudence, this book defends views with rational argument, and opening for pluralistic discussion.


Equity and Access

Equity and Access

Author: Purendra Prasad

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2018-04-17

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 0199093733

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Equity and Access attempts to unravel the complex narrative of why inequities in the health sector are growing and access to basic health care is worsening, and the underlying forces that contribute to this situation. It draws attention to the way globalization has influenced India’s development trajectory as healthcare issues have assumed significant socio-economic and political significance in contemporary India. The volume explains how state and market forces have progressively heightened the iniquitous health care system and the process through which substantial burden of meeting health care needs has fallen on the individual households. Twenty-eight scholars comprising social scientists, medical experts, public health experts, policy makers, health activists, legal experts, and gender specialists have delved into the politics of access for different classes, castes, gender, and other categories to contribute to a new field ‘health care studies’ in this volume. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach within a broader political-economy framework, the volume is useful for understanding power relations within social groups and complex organizational systems.


Clinical Trials in Latin America: Where Ethics and Business Clash

Clinical Trials in Latin America: Where Ethics and Business Clash

Author: Nuria Homedes

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-29

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 3319013637

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The outsourcing of clinical trials to Latin America by the transnational innovative pharmaceutical industry began about twenty years ago. Using archival information and field work in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico and Peru, the authors discuss the regulatory contexts and the ethical dimensions of human experimentation in the region. More than 80% of all clinical trials in the region take place in these countries, and the European Medicines Agency has defined them as priority countries in Latin America. The authors raise questions about the quality of data obtained from the trials and the violation of human rights during their implementation. Their findings are presented in this volume, the first in-depth analysis of clinical trials in the region. ​


Health Research Governance in Africa

Health Research Governance in Africa

Author: Cheluchi Onyemelukwe-Onuobia

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-09-06

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 1351713051

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The globalisation of research has resulted in the increased location of research involving humans in developing countries. Countries in Africa, along with China and India, have seen research grow significantly. With emerging infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Zika, emphasising the risk of public health crises throughout the world, a further increase in health research, including clinical research in developing countries, which are often the sites of these diseases, becomes inevitable. This growth raises questions about domestic regulation and the governance of health research. This book presents a comprehensive and systemic view of the regulation of research involving humans in African countries. It employs case studies from four countries in which research activities continue to rise, and which have taken steps to regulate health research activity: South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Egypt. The book examines the historical and political contexts of these governance efforts. It describes the research context, some of the research taking place, and the current challenges. It also looks at the governance mechanisms, ranging from domestic ethical guidelines to legal frameworks, the strengthening of existing regulatory agencies to the role of professional regulatory bodies. The book analyses the adequacy of current governance arrangements within African countries, and puts forward recommendations to improve the emerging governance systems for health research in African and other developing countries. It book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers working in the areas of health research, biomedical ethics, health law and regulation in developing countries.


Multinational Enterprises and Sustainable Development

Multinational Enterprises and Sustainable Development

Author: Pervez N. Ghauri

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2017-09-25

Total Pages: 263

ISBN-13: 1787431878

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This volume reports the results of the large international 'MNEmerge' research project, financed by the European Commission, and provides an understanding of the impact of multinational enterprises on United Nations Millennium Development Goals and successive Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries.


Impacts of Innovation and Cognition in Management

Impacts of Innovation and Cognition in Management

Author: Bataglia, Walter

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2024-10-18

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13:

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In today’s business landscape, the intersections between innovation and cognition play a crucial role in shaping current management practices. As organizations strive to remain competitive, leaders must foster innovative thinking while understanding which cognitive processes drive decision-making and problem-solving. Such management strategies assist business leaders in navigating complex challenges, harnessing creativity, and cultivating an adaptive workplace culture. Exploring how innovation and cognition influence strategic choices is necessary for companies looking to enhance responses to change, making room for sustained growth and success in a constantly shifting business environment. Impacts of Innovation and Cognition in Management explores the effects of innovative strategies and technologies, as well as cognitive psychology, in management practices for businesses and organizations. The impact on sustainability and organizational development is examined, along with the usefulness of technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. This book covers topics such as absorptive capacity, data science, and cognitive psychology, and is a useful resource for business owners, managers, psychologists, economists, data scientists, researchers, and academicians.