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Author: Talis Bachmann
Publisher:
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 324
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSection headings: Foreword; Introduction -- The Problem of Visual Masking; Facts and the Theories of Visual Masking; The Conception of Perceptual Retouch and its Experimental Control; The Psychophysiological Modelling from Short-Term Images; Conclusions.
Author: Talis Bachmann
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2013-11-13
Total Pages: 117
ISBN-13: 0128003839
DOWNLOAD EBOOKVisual masking is a technique used in cognitive research to understand pre-conscious processes (priming, for example), consciousness, visual limits, and perception issues associated with psychopathology. This book is a short format review of research using visual masking: how it has been used, and what these experiments have discovered.Topics covered include concepts, varieties, and theories of masking; masking and microgenetic mechanisms and stagesof visual processing; psychopharmacological and genetic factors in masking, and more. - Provides succinct information about the widely dispersed masking studies and points out some new trends in masking research - Reviews transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an alternative to the traditional psychophysical masking methods - Comments on the methodological pitfalls hidden in the practice of masking, helping to improve the quality of future research where masking is used as a tool - Informs readers about recent developments in theoretical attempts to understand masking
Author: Bruno Breitmeyer
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2006-04-20
Total Pages: 384
ISBN-13: 0191546208
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOur visual system can process information at both conscious and unconscious levels. Understanding the factors that control whether a stimulus reaches our awareness, and the fate of those stimuli that remain at an unconscious level, are the major challenges of brain science in the new millennium. Since its publication in 1984, Visual Masking has established itself as a classic text in the field of cognitive psychology. In the years since, there have been considerable advances in the cognitive neurosciences, and a growth of interest in the topic of consciousness, and the time is ripe for a new edition of this text. Where most current approaches to the study of visual consciousness adopt a 'steady-state' view, the approach presented in this book explores its dynamic properties. This new edition uses the technique of visual masking to explore temporal aspects of conscious and unconscious processes down to a resolution in the millisecond range. The 'time slices' through conscious and unconscious vision revealed by the visual masking technique can shed light on both normal and abnormal operations in the brain. The main focus of this book is on the microgenesis of visual form and pattern perception - microgenesis referring to the processes occurring in the visual system from the time of stimulus presentation on the retinae to the time, a few hundred milliseconds later, of its registration at conscious or unconscious perceptual and behavioural levels. The book takes a highly integrative approach by presenting microgenesis within a broad context encompassing visuo-temporal phenomena, attention, and consciousness.
Author: Stephen Grossberg
Publisher: Psychology Press
Published: 2014-05-22
Total Pages: 329
ISBN-13: 1317769643
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMathematical Psychology and Psychophysiology promotes an understanding of the mind and its neural substrates by applying interdisciplinary approaches to issues concerning behavior and the brain. The contributions present model from many disciplines that share common, conceptual, functional, or mechanistic substrates and summarize recent models and data from neural networks, mathematical genetics, psychoacoustics, olfactory coding, visual perception, measurement, psychophysics, cognitive development, and other areas. The contributors to Mathematical Psychology and Psychophysiology show the conceptual and mathematical interconnectedness of several approaches to the fundamental scientific problem of understanding mind and brain. The book's interdisciplinary approach permits a deeper understanding of theoretical advances as it formally structures a broad overview of the data.
Author: John Polich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 193
ISBN-13: 1461502942
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume presents the first systematic overview of how event-related brain potential (ERP), cognitive electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) measures reflect the mental events arising from changes in sensory stimulation. The contents are fresh, the literature distillations highly informative, and the range of topics extremely useful for cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, and researchers.
Author: Sachiko Kinoshita
Publisher: Psychology Press
Published: 2004-06-02
Total Pages: 461
ISBN-13: 1135432198
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMasked priming has a short and somewhat controversial history. When used as a tool to study whether semantic processing can occur in the absence of conscious awareness, considerable debate followed, mainly about whether masked priming truly tapped unconscious processes. For research into other components of visual word processing, however - in particular, orthographic, phonological, and morphological - a general consensus about the evidence provided by masked priming results has emerged. This book contains thirteen original chapters in which these three components of visual word processing are examined using the masked priming procedure. The chapters showcase the advantages of masked priming as an alternative to more standard methods of studying language processing that require comparisons of matched items. Based on a recent conference, this book offers up-to-date research findings, and would be valuable to researchers and students of word recognition, psycholinguistics, or reading.
Author: Arthur F. Kramer
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
Published: 1996-01
Total Pages: 545
ISBN-13: 9781557983299
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume represents the state of the art in research on visual selective attention, with a focus on the broad theme of converging operations. In 19 chapters, prominent scholars in the study of visual attention bring readers up to date on findings made possible over the past 15 years by new research methods and brain-imaging technologies. The first 5 chapters present a review and tutorial on the current issues of relevance to the study of visual selective attention, including specific research techniques and various theories, paradigms, and models. The remaining chapters provide cutting-edge research from multiple perspectives: behavioral studies, computational modeling, human research, and neural-imaging techniques. An examination of how disparate approaches from a variety of disciplines can be combined to provide an integrated view of visual selective attention is also presented. Converging Operations in the Study of Visual Selective Attention covers a broad scope of topics - inhibition, top-down and bottom-up control of attention, locus of selection, and representation - in reporting the range of research available from leaders in the field. In documenting these accomplishments, it sets the agenda for future studies.
Author: György Buzsáki
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-05-02
Total Pages: 181
ISBN-13: 3319288024
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book brings together leading investigators who represent various aspects of brain dynamics with the goal of presenting state-of-the-art current progress and address future developments. The individual chapters cover several fascinating facets of contemporary neuroscience from elementary computation of neurons, mesoscopic network oscillations, internally generated assembly sequences in the service of cognition, large-scale neuronal interactions within and across systems, the impact of sleep on cognition, memory, motor-sensory integration, spatial navigation, large-scale computation and consciousness. Each of these topics require appropriate levels of analyses with sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution of neuronal activity in both local and global networks, supplemented by models and theories to explain how different levels of brain dynamics interact with each other and how the failure of such interactions results in neurologic and mental disease. While such complex questions cannot be answered exhaustively by a dozen or so chapters, this volume offers a nice synthesis of current thinking and work-in-progress on micro-, meso- and macro- dynamics of the brain.
Author: Gabor Stefanics
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2015-06-04
Total Pages: 204
ISBN-13: 2889195600
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCurrent theories of visual change detection emphasize the importance of conscious attention to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment. However, an increasing body of studies shows that the human brain is capable of detecting even small visual changes, especially if such changes violate non-conscious probabilistic expectations based on repeating experiences. In other words, our brain automatically represents statistical regularities of our visual environmental. Since the discovery of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) component, the majority of research in the field has focused on auditory deviance detection. Such automatic change detection mechanisms operate in the visual modality too, as indicated by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) brain potential to rare changes. VMMN is typically elicited by stimuli with infrequent (deviant) features embedded in a stream of frequent (standard) stimuli, outside the focus of attention. In this research topic we aim to present vMMN as a prediction error signal. Predictive coding theories account for phenomena such as mismatch negativity and repetition suppression, and place them in a broader context of a general theory of cortical responses. A wide range of vMMN studies has been presented in this Research Topic. Twelve articles address roughly four general sub-themes including attention, language, face processing, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, four articles focused on particular subjects such as the oblique effect, object formation, and development and time-frequency analysis of vMMN. Furthermore, a review paper presented vMMN in a hierarchical predictive coding framework. Each paper in this Research Topic is a valuable contribution to the field of automatic visual change detection and deepens our understanding of the short term plasticity underlying predictive processes of visual perceptual learning.
Author: Eugene Sokolov
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2013-05-17
Total Pages: 235
ISBN-13: 0199934363
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis is the last major work of Eugene N. Sokolov, Professor of Psychophysiology at Moscow State University from 1950 to 2008. It summarizes the contributions of a lifetime on the neural mechanism of consciousness. Working at the intersection of psychology, neurophysiology and mathematics, Sokolov early introduced the concept of quantifiable 'difference in neuronal activity' and 'cognitive distance' as corresponding metrics in the physical and mental models of reality. He demonstrated the power of multidimensional vector mathematics to represent the neural computations that mediate between the brain's neural model and the mind's mental model of reality. Sokolov and colleagues showed a mathematical commonality among the neuronal mechanisms that mediate the perception of basic features of visual stimuli including color, brightness, line orientation and motion. This led to a general vector model linking perceptual and memory processes to adaptive motor mechanisms. They extended the model to encompass broader, more complex functions, such as the perception of emotions in facial expressions, semantic differences in verbal stimuli and differential executive control mechanisms. Integrating evidence from human psychophysics, animal neurophysiology and vector mathematics they developed a unified model to characterize quantitatively many complex relations between objective and subjective aspects of reality. Sokolov's studies of neuronal mechanisms of mental phenomena led him to distinguish two categories of neurons: 'consciousness neurons' directly associated with awareness of perceptual, emotional and cognitive events, and neurons that are necessary for, but not directly involved in, conscious processes. The book integrates his findings with major themes shaping twenty-first century understanding of the brain-mind relationship. It relates the findings both to work of other Russian investigators, such as Pavlov, Luria, and Rusinov, and to work of many Western researchers, including von Bekesy, Eccles, Edelman, Ehrenstein, Grossberg, John, Koch and Crick, Ledoux, Llinas, Milner, Penfield, Penrose, Posner, and Schrödinger.
