Origins of Protective Labor Legislation for Women, 1905-1925

Origins of Protective Labor Legislation for Women, 1905-1925

Author: Susan Lehrer

Publisher: SUNY Press

Published: 1987-01-01

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9780887065064

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In this comprehensive, wide-ranging analysis, Susan Lehrer investigates the origins of protective labor legislation for women, exposing the social forces that contributed to its passage and the often contradictory effects it had on those it was designed to protect. A rapidly expanding female work force is prompting both employers and society to rethink attitudes and policies toward working women. Lehrer provides critical insight into current issues affecting female employees--pay equity, equal rights, maternity--that have their roots in past debates about and present realities affecting women workers. Protective labor laws enacted from 1905 to 1925 had the effect of delimiting the position of working women. Lehrer examines the relationship between women's work in the labor force and domestic labor, and the reasons why the government was interested in regulating this relationship. Focusing on the dual need for a continuing labor force (women as producers of children) and cheap labor (women in low-paying jobs), she demonstrates the way in which social reforms worked to the advantage of capitalism even though they materially aided subordinate classes. The principal groups considered herein are social reform organizations (suffragists and the Women's Trade Union League), organized labor (AFL, ILGWU, printing trades' unions), and employers' associations (National Association of Manufacturers and the National Civic Federation). Considered together, this book provides a broad and detailed picture of the forces involved in the issues of protective labor legislation.


A Class by Herself

A Class by Herself

Author: Nancy Woloch

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2017-02-28

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 0691176167

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A Class by Herself explores the historical role and influence of protective legislation for American women workers, both as a step toward modern labor standards and as a barrier to equal rights. Spanning the twentieth century, the book tracks the rise and fall of women-only state protective laws—such as maximum hour laws, minimum wage laws, and night work laws—from their roots in progressive reform through the passage of New Deal labor law to the feminist attack on single-sex protective laws in the 1960s and 1970s. Nancy Woloch considers the network of institutions that promoted women-only protective laws, such as the National Consumers' League and the federal Women's Bureau; the global context in which the laws arose; the challenges that proponents faced; the rationales they espoused; the opposition that evolved; the impact of protective laws in ever-changing circumstances; and their dismantling in the wake of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Above all, Woloch examines the constitutional conversation that the laws provoked—the debates that arose in the courts and in the women's movement. Protective laws set precedents that led to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and to current labor law; they also sustained a tradition of gendered law that abridged citizenship and impeded equality for much of the century. Drawing on decades of scholarship, institutional and legal records, and personal accounts, A Class by Herself sets forth a new narrative about the tensions inherent in women-only protective labor laws and their consequences.


Protecting Women

Protecting Women

Author: Ulla Wikander

Publisher: University of Illinois Press

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 9780252064647

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Explores the origin and array of protective labor legislation directed at women. This title analyzes ideologies, attitudes, and effects of legislation across women's classes, among employers and workers' organizations, and in both bourgeois and socialist feminist groups.


Making the Woman Worker

Making the Woman Worker

Author: Eileen Boris

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 0190874627

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This book explains how the 20th century labor standard regime, forged by the International Labor Organization, cast the woman worker as a special type of worker, but a century later, previously excluded home-based workers placed caring labor at the center of debates over the future of work amid new precarity.


Muller V. Oregon

Muller V. Oregon

Author: Nancy Woloch

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13: 9780312128166

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The first brief book on the landmark 1908 Supreme Court decision that limited a woman's workday to ten hours, this text offers a concise analysis of the origins and impact of Muller v. Oregon. Woloch's comprehensive narrative familiarizes readers with Progressive reform, the case itself, and the conflict Muller generated within the women's movement over the issue of classification by gender. A rich collection of primary documents - including court decisions, the Brandeis brief, and essays by leading Progressive-era reformers - enables readers to analyze the decision and the ensuing debate. Editorial features include headnotes, a chronology, a bibliography, and illustrations.


Women, Business and the Law 2020

Women, Business and the Law 2020

Author: World Bank Group

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2020-04-24

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 146481533X

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The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 190 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion.


Women, Business and the Law 2021

Women, Business and the Law 2021

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2021-04-05

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 1464816530

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Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.


Laws Affecting Women and Children in the Suffrage and Non-suffrage States

Laws Affecting Women and Children in the Suffrage and Non-suffrage States

Author: Annie Gertrude Porritt

Publisher:

Published: 1917

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13:

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This book consists of eight chapters and contains an examination of women's legal status in the areas of protective labor legislation for women and children; minimum wage laws; mothers' pensions; the property rights of married women; child custody; age of consent; control of the liquor traffic; and prostitution. Like the volume by Jessie Cassidy, it deals with each of these areas on a state-by-state basis. It includes the black and white pinwheel chart showing good and bad legislation affecting women, but few other tables or graphs.


Because of Sex

Because of Sex

Author: Gillian Thomas

Publisher: Picador USA

Published: 2017-08-08

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 1250138086

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A compelling look at ten of the most important Supreme Court cases defining women’s rights on the job, as told by the brave women who brought the cases to court


The Other Women's Movement

The Other Women's Movement

Author: Dorothy Sue Cobble

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2011-08-15

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1400840864

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American feminism has always been about more than the struggle for individual rights and equal treatment with men. There's also a vital and continuing tradition of women's reform that sought social as well as individual rights and argued for the dismantling of the masculine standard. In this much anticipated book, Dorothy Sue Cobble retrieves the forgotten feminism of the previous generations of working women, illuminating the ideas that inspired them and the reforms they secured from employers and the state. This socially and ethnically diverse movement for change emerged first from union halls and factory floors and spread to the "pink collar" domain of telephone operators, secretaries, and airline hostesses. From the 1930s to the 1980s, these women pursued answers to problems that are increasingly pressing today: how to balance work and family and how to address the growing economic inequalities that confront us. The Other Women's Movement traces their impact from the 1940s into the feminist movement of the present. The labor reformers whose stories are told in The Other Women's Movement wanted equality and "special benefits," and they did not see the two as incompatible. They argued that gender differences must be accommodated and that "equality" could not always be achieved by applying an identical standard of treatment to men and women. The reform agenda they championed--an end to unfair sex discrimination, just compensation for their waged labor, and the right to care for their families and communities--launched a revolution in employment practices that carries on today. Unique in its range and perspective, this is the first book to link the continuous tradition of social feminism to the leadership of labor women within that movement.