The Protection of Classified Information
The Protection of Classified Information

Author: Jennifer Elsea

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13:

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The publication of secret information by WikiLeaks and multiple media outlets, followed by news coverage of leaks involving high-profile national security operations, has heightened interest in the legal framework that governs security classification and declassification, access to classified information, agency procedures for preventing and responding to unauthorized disclosures, and penalties for improper disclosure. Classification authority generally rests with the executive branch, although Congress has enacted legislation regarding the protection of certain sensitive information. While the Supreme Court has stated that the President has inherent constitutional authority to control access to sensitive information relating to the national defense or to foreign affairs, no court has found that Congress is without authority to legislate in this area. This report provides an overview of the relationship between executive and legislative authority over national security information, and summarizes the current laws that form the legal framework protecting classified information, including current executive orders and some agency regulations pertaining to the handling of unauthorized disclosures of classified information by government officers and employees. The report also summarizes criminal laws that pertain specifically to the unauthorized disclosure of classified information, as well as civil and administrative penalties. Finally, the report describes some recent developments in executive branch security policies and legislation currently before Congress (S. 3454).

The NSA Report
The NSA Report

Author: President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2014-03-31

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 1400851270

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The official report that has shaped the international debate about NSA surveillance "We cannot discount the risk, in light of the lessons of our own history, that at some point in the future, high-level government officials will decide that this massive database of extraordinarily sensitive private information is there for the plucking. Americans must never make the mistake of wholly 'trusting' our public officials."—The NSA Report This is the official report that is helping shape the international debate about the unprecedented surveillance activities of the National Security Agency. Commissioned by President Obama following disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward J. Snowden, and written by a preeminent group of intelligence and legal experts, the report examines the extent of NSA programs and calls for dozens of urgent and practical reforms. The result is a blueprint showing how the government can reaffirm its commitment to privacy and civil liberties—without compromising national security.

Guide to the Freedom of Information Act
Guide to the Freedom of Information Act

Author:

Publisher: Government Printing Office

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 920

ISBN-13:

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Contains an overview discussion of the Freedom of Information Act's (FOIA) exemptions, its law enforcement record exclusions, and its most important procedural aspects. 2009 edition. Issued biennially. Other related products: Report of the Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, Pursuant to Public Law 236, 103d Congress can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01228-1 Overview of the Privacy Act of 1974, 2015 Edition can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/027-000-01429-1

The Right to Privacy
The Right to Privacy

Author: Samuel D. Brandeis, Louis D. Warren

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2018-04-05

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 3732645487

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Reproduction of the original: The Right to Privacy by Samuel D. Warren, Louis D. Brandeis

National Security, Leaks and Freedom of the Press
National Security, Leaks and Freedom of the Press

Author: Lee C. Bollinger

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 0197519385

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Fighting for balance / Avril Haines -- Crafting a new compact in the public interest : protecting the national security in an era of leaks / Keith B. Alexander and Jamil N. Jaffer -- Leaks of classified information : lessons learned from a lifetime on the inside/ Michael Morell -- Reform and renewal : lessons from Snowden and the 215 program / Lisa O. Monaco -- Government needs to get its own house in order / Richard A. Clarke -- Behind the scenes with the Snowden files : "how the Washington Post and national security officials dealt with conflicts over government secrecy" / Ellen Nakashima -- Let's be practical : a narrow post-publication leak law would better protect the press / Stephen J. Adler and Bruce D. Brown -- What we owe whistleblowers / Jameel Jaffer -- The long, (futile?) Fight for a federal shield law / Judith Miller -- Covering the cyberwars : the press vs the government in a new age of global conflict / David Sanger -- Outlawing leaks / David A. Strauss -- The growth of press freedoms in the United States since 9/11 / Jack Goldsmith -- Edward Snowden, Donald Trump, and the paradox of national security whistleblowing / Allison Stanger -- Information is power : exploring a constitutional right of access / Mary-Rose Papandrea -- Who said what to whom / Cass R. Sunstein -- Leaks in the age of Trump / Louis Michael Seidman the report of the commission, Lee C. Bollinger, Eric Holder, John O. Brennan, Ann Marie Lipinski, Kathleen Carroll, Geoffrey R. Stone, Stephen W. Coll -- Closing statement / Lee C. Bollinger and Geoffrey R. Stone.

Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information
Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information

Author: Erika McCallister

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2010-09

Total Pages: 59

ISBN-13: 1437934889

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The escalation of security breaches involving personally identifiable information (PII) has contributed to the loss of millions of records over the past few years. Breaches involving PII are hazardous to both individuals and org. Individual harms may include identity theft, embarrassment, or blackmail. Organ. harms may include a loss of public trust, legal liability, or remediation costs. To protect the confidentiality of PII, org. should use a risk-based approach. This report provides guidelines for a risk-based approach to protecting the confidentiality of PII. The recommend. here are intended primarily for U.S. Fed. gov¿t. agencies and those who conduct business on behalf of the agencies, but other org. may find portions of the publication useful.

Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age
Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-06-28

Total Pages: 450

ISBN-13: 0309134005

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Privacy is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. The spread of the Internet and the seemingly boundaryless options for collecting, saving, sharing, and comparing information trigger consumer worries. Online practices of business and government agencies may present new ways to compromise privacy, and e-commerce and technologies that make a wide range of personal information available to anyone with a Web browser only begin to hint at the possibilities for inappropriate or unwarranted intrusion into our personal lives. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary examination of privacy in the information age. It explores such important concepts as how the threats to privacy evolving, how can privacy be protected and how society can balance the interests of individuals, businesses and government in ways that promote privacy reasonably and effectively? This book seeks to raise awareness of the web of connectedness among the actions one takes and the privacy policies that are enacted, and provides a variety of tools and concepts with which debates over privacy can be more fruitfully engaged. Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age focuses on three major components affecting notions, perceptions, and expectations of privacy: technological change, societal shifts, and circumstantial discontinuities. This book will be of special interest to anyone interested in understanding why privacy issues are often so intractable.