Processing, Structure and Properties of Block Copolymers

Processing, Structure and Properties of Block Copolymers

Author: M.J. Folkes

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 9400949367

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Block copolymers represent an important class of multi-phase material, which have received very widespread attention, particularly since their successful commercial development in the mid-1960s. Much of the interest in these polymers has arisen because of their rather remarkable micro phase morphology and, hence, they have been the subject of extensive microstructural examination. In many respects, the quest for a comprehensive interpretation of their structure, both theoretically and experimentally, has not been generally matched by a corresponding enthusiasm for developing structure/property relationships in the context of their commercial application. Indeed, it has been left largely to the industrial companies involved in the development and utilization of these materials to fulfil this latter role. While it is generally disappointing that a much greater synergism does not exist between science and technology, it is especially sad in the case of block copolymers. Thus these materials offer an almost unique opportunity for the application of fundamental structural and property data to the interpretation of the properties of generally processed artefacts. Accordingly, in this book, the editor has drawn together an eminent group of research workers, with the specific intention of highlighting some of those aspects of the science and technology of block copolymers that are potentially important if further advances are to be made either in material formulation or utilization. For example, special consideration is given to the relationship between the flow properties of block copo lymers and their microstructure.


Block Copolymers

Block Copolymers

Author: Nikos Hadjichristidis

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2003-04-28

Total Pages: 445

ISBN-13: 0471461342

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Polymers may be classified as either homopolymers, consisting of one single repeating unit, or copolymers, consisting of two or more distinct repeating units. Block copolymers contain long contiguous blocks of two or more repeating units in the same polymer chain. Covering one of the hottest topics in polymer chemistry, Block Copolymers provides a coherent overview of the synthetic routes, physical properties, and applications of block copolymers. This pioneering text provides not only a guideline for developing synthetic strategies for creating block copolymers with defined characteristics, but also a key to the relationship between the physical properties of block copolymers and the structure and dynamics of materials. Covering features of the chemistry and physics of block copolymers that are not found in comparable texts, Block Copolymers illustrates the structure-activity relationship of block copolymers and offers suggestions for the design of specific applications. Divided into five sections-Block Copolymers includes chapters on: * Block Copolymers by Chemical Modification of Precursor Polymers * Nonlinear Block Copolymers * Adsorption of Block Copolymers at Solid-Liquid Interfaces * Theory of Block Copolymer Segregation * Phase Transformation Kinetics * Block Copolymer Morphology * Block Copolymer Dynamics Polymer chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists, as well as graduate students in polymer science, will find Block Copolymers to be an invaluable text.


Block Copolymers

Block Copolymers

Author: Francisco Balta Calleja

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2000-06-09

Total Pages: 604

ISBN-13: 9780824703820

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A summary of block copolymer chemical structures and synthesis. It discusses physical methods of characterization such as computer simulation, microhardness, dielectric spectroscopy, thermal mechanical relaxation, ultrasonic characterization, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and NMR, among others. It also outlines rheological and processing parameters in the multiphase polymer systems with stable microstructures.


Influence of Composition, Chain Architecture and Processing on Polymer Structure and Properties

Influence of Composition, Chain Architecture and Processing on Polymer Structure and Properties

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This project concerned the fundamental understanding of processing-structure and structure-property relations in block copolymer and liquid crystalline polymer systems. Key to our studies was the availability of model materials which afforded opportunities via new chemical compositions and physical properties. Transmission electron microscopy, low voltage high resolution scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and atomic force microscopy as well as wide and small angle x-ray scattering were the principal characterization tools. We also employed a special roll cast process to form highly textured samples for investigation of their physical properties. Principal research accomplishments are grouped into 6 areas: influence of architecture on phase behavior; development of experimental techniques; microphase separation in block copolymers; large strain deformation of single crystal thermoplastic elastomers; morphology and dynamic interaction of defects in polymer liquid crystals; and technology transitions.


Practical Guide to Structures, Properties and Applications of Styrenic Polymers

Practical Guide to Structures, Properties and Applications of Styrenic Polymers

Author: Norbert Niessner

Publisher: Smithers Rapra

Published: 2013-03-18

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 1847356915

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Styrenic polymers are among the economically most important plastics. They combine benign processing with a large variety of product properties - from stiff and transparent to tough and durable. The fact that styrene can be polymerized by different reaction mechanisms (radical, ionic and metal catalyzed) makes this line of products unique in regards to the variety of its properties and applications. The primary objective of this book is to provide a detailed understanding of structure and property relationships of styrenic polymers, and their specific use in various applications. By understanding basic chemistry, supermolecular assembly of block- and graft polymers and microscopic fracture mechanisms, the reader will be able to quickly derive macroscopic behavior and hence select the most suitable polymer for a given application. The second objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview about unique value propositions of styrenic polymers in different industries and applications. The reader will get an in-depth understanding of why specific styrenic polymers dominate in market segments like computer and printer housings, exterior automotive parts and the food packaging industry, and what the specific customer benefits of using these polymers are. Finally, the third objective is to provide an outlook for future product and application developments. Hence it serves not only as a quick reference guide for downstream industries, but also as a practical guide for students and researchers in this field of material science.


Polypropylene Structure, blends and Composites

Polypropylene Structure, blends and Composites

Author: J. Karger-Kocsis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1994-12-31

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 9780412614200

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Although polypropylene has been marketed since the 1950s, research and development in this area is still vigorous. The consumption of polypropylene over the years has been relatively high, mainly due to the steady improvement of its property profile. Polypropylene: Structures, Blends and Composites, in three separate volumes, reflects on the key factors which have contributed to the success of polypropylene, dealing with all aspects of structure-performance relationships relevant to thermoplastic polymers and related composites. Volume 1, Structure and Morphology, deals with polymorphism in polypropylene homo- and copolymers, where molecular and supermolecular structures are covered, and the processing-induced structure development of polypropylene, showing the interrelation between the processing-induced morphology and mechanical performance. Volume 2, Copolymers and Blends, contains comprehensive surveys of the nucleation and crystallisation behaviour of the related systems. It includes the development of morphology and its effects on rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based alloys and blends and a review of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. Volume 3, Composites, gives a comprehensive overview of filled and reinforced systems with polypropylene as a matrix material, with the main emphasis on processing-structure-property-interrelationships. Chapters cover all aspects of particulate filled, chopped fibre-, fibre mat- and continuous fibre-reinforced composites. Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, wetting and interfacial crystallisation, are also included as important aspects of this subject.


Structure-property-processing Relations in Sulfonated Block Copolymer Membranes

Structure-property-processing Relations in Sulfonated Block Copolymer Membranes

Author: Phuc Vinh Truong

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Ionic block copolymers combine the functionality of ionomers with the mechanical properties of thermoplastics, and are widely studied for applications in water purification and electrochemical devices. Membranes (thin films) are often prepared by solution casting. As the solvent evaporates, the strong incompatibility between ionic and non-ionic segments will trap non-equilibrium structures in the film. Consequently, the equilibrium block copolymer phase diagrams are poor predictors of membrane morphology, making it difficult to engineer the optimal domain sizes and transport pathways. The objective of this dissertation is to establish structure-property- processing relations of sulfonated pentablock copolymer (SPC) membranes. Films were prepared by casting from solvents of varying polarity, as the choice of solvent controls the solution state structure, and were characterized with complementary measurements that include X-ray scattering, microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, water uptake, impedance spectroscopy and tensile tests. First, we investigate the structure and transport properties of lamellar SPC membranes. All films were cast from mixtures of toluene and n-propanol. As the polarity of the casting solvent increases, the bulk structure becomes more disordered with a higher defect density, and the surface becomes more hydrophilic. These structural changes lead to enhancements in water uptake and proton conductivity. The onset of structural disorder coincides with a change in solvent selectivity towards the sulfonated domains. Therefore, the sulfonated block becomes more swollen during processing, which may induce defects that connect the neighboring sulfonated domains and produce a continuous structure. Next, we investigate the effects of hydration cycles on the structure and performance of commercial SPC films, which is relevant when evaluating their potential as water purification membranes or proton-conducting layers. We find that hydration cycling drives a structural transition from isolated micelles with a sulfonated core to a network of percolating sulfonated domains, which is beneficial for transport. However, hydration cycling can also induce mechanical instabilities that reduce swelling, water uptake and ductility. Consequently, transport properties are governed by the tradeoff between nanoscale restructuring and macroscale buckling. Significantly, we believe that our methodology and findings will be useful for design, optimization, and fundamental investigations of other ionic block or random polymer systems.