Luminescent molecule sensors, called pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and temperature-sensitive paint (TSP), measure factors essential for understanding the aerodynamic performance and heat transfer characteristics of flight vehicles. They provide a powerful tool for experimental aerodynamicists to obtain a deeper understanding of the rich physical phenomena in complex flows around a flight vehicle. This book helps the reader to understand the physics and chemistry and the capabilities of PSP and TSP. It provides an overview of the wide scope of applications and explains the system requirements for using these sensors. The book also includes an extensive table of properties of PTP and TSP. As such, it is a thorough and up-to-date coverage of the underlying physics and applications of luminescent molecules designed for global pressure and temperature mapping
This book gathers contributions to the 21st biannual symposium of the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association (STAB) and the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (DGLR). The individual chapters reflect ongoing research conducted by the STAB members in the field of numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for (but not limited to) aerospace applications, and cover both nationally and EC-funded projects. Special emphasis is given to collaborative research projects conducted by German scientists and engineers from universities, research-establishments and industries. By addressing a number of cutting-edge applications, together with the relevant physical and mathematics fundamentals, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current research work in the field. The book’s primary emphasis is on aerodynamic research in aeronautics and astronautics, and in ground transportation and energy as well.
This new edition describes pressure and temperature sensitive paints (PSP and TSP) in global surface pressure and temperature measurements in aerodynamics and fluid mechanics. The book includes the latest progress in paint formulations, instrumentation, and steady and unsteady aerodynamic measurements in various facilities including low-speed, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic wind tunnels. The updated technical aspects of PSP and TSP in the book will be useful for students and researchers in experimental aerodynamics and fluid mechanics.
Luminescence Thermometry: Methods, Materials, and Applications presents the state-of-the art applications of luminescence thermometry, giving a detailed explanation of luminescence spectroscopic schemes for the read-out of temperature, while also describing the diverse materials that are capable of sensing temperature via luminescence. Chapters cover the fundamentals of temperature, traditional thermometers and their figures of merit, a concise description of optical thermometry methods, luminescence and instrumentation, and an explanation of the ways in which increases in temperature quench luminescence. Additional sections focus on materials utilized for luminescence thermometry and the broad range of applications for luminescence thermometry, including temperature measurement at the nanoscale and the application of multifunctional luminescent materials. - Provides an overview of luminescence thermometry applications, including high-temperature, biomedical, nanoscale and multifunctional - Delves into luminescence thermometry by materials group, including Rare-earth and transition Metal Ion Doped, Semiconductors, Quantum Dots and Organic materials - Gives a concise introduction of the latest methods of temperature measurement, including luminescence spectroscopic schemes and methods of analysis
This is the first volume of a two volume set which presents the results of the 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW31), held in Nagoya, Japan in 2017. It was organized with support from the International Shock Wave Institute (ISWI), Shock Wave Research Society of Japan, School of Engineering of Nagoya University, and other societies, organizations, governments and industry. The ISSW31 focused on the following areas: Blast waves, chemical reacting flows, chemical kinetics, detonation and combustion, ignition, facilities, diagnostics, flow visualization, spectroscopy, numerical methods, shock waves in rarefied flows, shock waves in dense gases, shock waves in liquids, shock waves in solids, impact and compaction, supersonic jet, multiphase flow, plasmas, magnetohyrdrodynamics, propulsion, shock waves in internal flows, pseudo-shock wave and shock train, nozzle flow, re-entry gasdynamics, shock waves in space, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, shock/boundary layer interaction, shock/vortex interaction, shock wave reflection/interaction, shock wave interaction with dusty media, shock wave interaction with granular media, shock wave interaction with porous media, shock wave interaction with obstacles, supersonic and hypersonic flows, sonic boom, shock wave focusing, safety against shock loading, shock waves for material processing, shock-like phenomena, and shock wave education. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 31 and individuals interested in these fields.
Modern paints and coatings offer an astounding variety of formulations that are used to improve the durability, appearance, and lifespan of countless products. From cars to furniture, computers, and mechanical components, paints and coatings play a vital role in nearly every manufactured product available. Straightforward Guidance for Dev
No doubt: A perfect coating has to look brilliant! But other properties of coatings are also most important. Coatings have to be durable, tough and easily applicable. Additives are the key to success in achieving these characteristics, even though the amounts used in coating formulations are small. It is not trivial at all to select the best additives. In practice, many series of tests are often necessary, and the results do not explain, why a certain additive improves the quality of a coating and another one impairs the coating. This book is dedicated to developers and applicants of coatings working in research or production, and it is aimed at providing a manual for their daily work. It will answer the following questions: How do the most important groups of additives act? Which effects can be be achieved by their addition? Scientific theories are linked to practical applications. Emphasis is put on the optical aspects that are most important for the applications in practice. This book is a milestone in quality assurance in the complete field of coatings!
Schlieren and shadowgraph techniques are basic and valuable tools in various scientific and engineering disciplines. They allow us to see the invisible: the optical inhomogeneities in transparent media like air, water, and glass that otherwise cause only ghostly distortions of our normal vision. These techniques are discussed briefly in many books and papers, but there is no up-to-date complete treatment of the subject before now. The book is intended as a practical guide for those who want to use these methods, as well as a resource for a broad range of disciplines where scientific visualization is important. The colorful 400-year history of these methods is covered in an extensive introductory chapter accessible to all readers.
The use of paints, varnishes and enamels for decoration is nearly as old as human culture itself. These are widely used in homes as well as in industry because painted surfaces are attractive and easy to keep clean. Paint is generally made up of a pigment. It is a chemical material, which alters the color of reflected or transmitted light due to wavelength-selective absorption. Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. The technology of paints, varnishes and enamels is changing rapidly and becoming more complex each day. The paint industry is an important segment of the chemical industry. Enamel paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to wear or variations in temperature. The Indian paint industry has seen a gradual shift in the preferences of people from the traditional whitewash to higher quality paints like emulsions and enamel paints with improvement in lifestyle. India is the second largest consumer of paint in Asia. Over the past few years, the Indian paint market has substantially grown and caught the attention of many major players. The market for paints in India is expected to grow at 1.5 times to 2 times GDP growth rate in the coming years. In terms of volumes, pigments demand is expected to reach 4.4 million tonnes. Due to increased Government funding for infrastructure, demand for paints both in industrial and decorative segment is set to rise, thereby rendering Indian paint industry to be poised for further growth. This handbook is designed for use by everyone engaged in the paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels industry. It provides all the information of the various formulae and processes of paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels. The major content of the book are paint testing, color in paint, maintenance paints, emulsion paints, exterior or interior paints, exterior or interior multicolor paints, exterior swimming pool paints and enamels, interior ceiling paints, metal paints, marine paints, enamel paints, interior fire- retardant paints, interior gloss paints, paint formulation, manufacture of natural copal varnishes, floor paints and enamels, varnishes, lacquers and floor finishes, white pigments, colored pigments, pigment dispersion etc. The book contains addresses of plant & machinery suppliers with their Photographs. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of paints, pigments, varnishes and enamels technology. 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