Introduction: The question and its context -- Currents of history -- Oraibi society in the late nineteenth century -- From Oraibi to Bacavi -- Demography, human geopgraphy, and economy -- Kinship and social structure -- Ritual, politics, and some broader contexts -- Hopi analysis and anthropological analysis -- Intentional actors and sociocultural interpretation -- Appendixes: Commissioner Leupp's program for dealing with the existing Hopi troubles -- Letter from Reuben J. Perry to the commissioner of Indian Affairs, 11-17-1906 -- Agreement signed by hostiles returning to Oraibi -- Letter from Horton H. Miller to the commissioner of Indain Affairs, 11-12-1909 -- Telegram from Horton H. Miller to the Commisioner of Indain Affairs, 12-4-1909.