Positrons in Solids

Positrons in Solids

Author: P. Hautojärvi

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 364281316X

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In condensed matter initially fast positrons annihilate after having reached equi librium with the surroundings. The interaction of positrons with matter is governed by the laws of ordinary quantum mechanics. Field theory and antiparticle properties enter only in the annihilation process leading to the emergence of energetic photons. The monitoring of annihilation radiation by nuclear spectroscopic methods provides valuable information on the electron-positron system which can directly be related to the electronic structure of the medium. Since the positron is a positive electron its behavior in matter is especially interesting to solid-state and atomic physi cists. The small mass quarantees that the positron is really a quantum mechanical particle and completely different from any other particles and atoms. Positron physics started about 25 years ago but discoveries of new features in its interac tion with matter have maintained continuous interest and increasing activity in the field. Nowadays it is becoming part of the "stock-in-trade" of experimental physics.


Electron and Positron Spectroscopies in Materials Science and Engineering

Electron and Positron Spectroscopies in Materials Science and Engineering

Author: Otto Buck

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2014-06-28

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 1483191486

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Electron and Positron Spectroscopies in Materials Science and Engineering presents the advances and limitations of instrumentations for surface and interface probing useful to metallurgical applications. It discusses the Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. It addresses the means to determine the chemistry of the surface. Some of the topics covered in the book are the exo-electron emission; positron annihilation; extended x-ray absorption fine structure; high resolution electron microscopy; uniaxial monotonic deformation-induced dislocation substructure; and analytical electron microscopy. The mechanistic basis for exo-electron spectroscopy is covered. The correlation of fatigue and photoyield are discussed. The text describes the tribostimulated emission. A study of the quantitative measurement of fatigue damage is presented. A chapter is devoted to the fracture of oxide films on aluminium. Another section focuses on the positron annihilation experimental details and the creep-induced dislocation substructure. The book can provide useful information to scientists, engineers, students, and researchers.


Positron Spectroscopy of Solids

Positron Spectroscopy of Solids

Author: Alfredo Dupasquier

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 830

ISBN-13: 9789051992038

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The lifetime of a positron inside a solid is normally less than a fraction of nanosecond. This is a very short time on a human scale, but is long enough to enable the positron to visit an extended region of the material, and to sense the atomic and electronic structure of the environment. Thus, we can inject a positron in a sample to draw from it some signal giving us information on the microscopic properties of the material. This idea has been successfully developed in a number of positron-based techniques of physical analysis, with resolution in energy, momentum, or position. The complex of these techniques is what we call now positron spectroscopy of solids. The field of application of the positron spectroscopy extends from advanced problems of solid-state physics to industrial applications in the area of characterization of high-tech materials. This volume focuses the attention on the physics that can be learned from positron-based methods, but also frames those methods in a wider context including other experimental approaches. It can be considered as a textbook on positron spectroscopy of solids, the sort of book that the newcomer takes for his approach to this field, but also as a useful research tool for the expert.


Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors

Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors

Author: Reinhard Krause-Rehberg

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 9783540643715

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This comprehensive book reports on recent investigations of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation. It reviews positron techniques, and describes the application of these techniques to various kinds of defects, such as vacancies, impurity vacancy complexes and dislocations.


Positron Beams and Their Applications

Positron Beams and Their Applications

Author: Paul G. Coleman

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 9789810233945

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This book provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the generation and application of mono-energetic positron beams. It has been written by acknowledged experts, at a level accessible to graduate students working, or planning to work, with positron beams, and to scientists in other areas who want to know something about the field.The book begins with a brief historical introduction and an overview of how positron beams are generated and transported. A description of the fate of slow positrons in gaseous and condensed matter, with reference to many of the fundamental measurements made possible by the advent of positron beams, is followed by a discussion on applications in the study of solid surfaces, defect profiling in subsurface regions, interfaces and thin films, and the probing of bulk properties in novel ways. The book ends with a look at the future, considering the prospects for intense positron beams and their potential for further research.


Electron Scattering in Solid Matter

Electron Scattering in Solid Matter

Author: Jan Zabloudil

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-12-12

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 3540270019

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Addressing graduate students and researchers, this book gives a very detailed theoretical and computational description of multiple scattering in solid matter. Particular emphasis is placed on solids with reduced dimensions, on full potential approaches and on relativistic treatments. For the first time approaches such as the screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method are reviewed, considering all formal steps such as single-site scattering, structure constants and screening transformations, and also the numerical point of view. Furthermore, a very general approach is presented for solving the Poisson equation, needed within density functional theory in order to achieve self-consistency. Special chapters are devoted to the Coherent Potential Approximation and to the Embedded Cluster Method, used, for example, for describing nanostructured matter in real space. In a final chapter, physical properties related to the (single-particle) Green's function, such as magnetic anisotropies, interlayer exchange coupling, electric and magneto-optical transport and spin-waves, serve to illustrate the usefulness of the methods described.


Materials Design and Applications

Materials Design and Applications

Author: Lucas F. M. da Silva

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-11

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 3319507842

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This volume features fundamental research and applications in the field of the design and application of engineering materials, predominantly within the context of mechanical engineering applications. This includes a wide range of materials engineering and technology, including metals, e.g., polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications would include manufacturing in the new or newer materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects. This book features fundamental research and applications in the design of engineering materials, predominantly within the context of mechanical engineering applications such as automobile, railway, marine, aerospace, biomedical, pressure vessel technology, and turbine technology. It covers a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications include the manufacturing of new materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects. p>