Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800
Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800

Author: Otto Zwartjes

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2011-11-23

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 9027283257

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From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipeá and Tupinambá; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.

Traces on The Sea: Portuguese Interaction With Asia
Traces on The Sea: Portuguese Interaction With Asia

Author: Delfim Correia da Silva

Publisher: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra / Coimbra University Press

Published:

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 9892622944

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A closely-argued collection of articles by five respected Portuguese professors on various aspects of the long relationship between Portugal and its former colonies in Asia, TRACES ON THE SEA presents material on history, linguistics, architecture, and ethnomusicology focusing on Goa and elsewhere in Asia touched by Portuguese culture over the centuries. The book provides a background to the academic study of Goa and also as a site stimulating ideas for future research.

Legacies of Trade and Empire
Legacies of Trade and Empire

Author: Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2023-04-20

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 1527594386

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This book problematises established histories of slavery and indentured labour, as carried out through European empires, to interpret the impact of trade, particularly in the region surrounding the Indian Ocean. The discourse within these chapters explores the aesthetics of silence, poetics of relation, creolisation, agency and assertion of identities, musical practices, cuisine, knowledge transfers, decolonisation, and afterlives of empire. These critical analyses draw from Africa, India, Indonesia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Suriname as their case studies. This book breaks the silence on several legacies of empire, looking through the prisms of history, politics, economics, sociology, linguistics, literature, anthropology and ethnomusicology, all the while employing a range of concepts. The authors of these chapters search through the annals of history for ways of living harmoniously in an increasingly globalised world.

Missionary Linguistics VI
Missionary Linguistics VI

Author: Otto Zwartjes

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2021-11-02

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 9027258430

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This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionaries in Asia. This volume presents research into the documentation, study and description of Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Tamil. It provides a selection of papers which primarily concentrate on the Society of Jesus and their linguistic production, but also covers linguistic works written by Franciscans, the Order of Discalced Carmelites and works of other religious institutions, such as the Propaganda Fide and the Missions Étrangères de Paris. New insights are provided regarding these works and their reception among European scholars interested in these ‘exotic’ languages and cultures. Each text is placed in its historical context and various approaches to some of the most important descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre are analyzed, such as the establishment of an adequate romanization system, the description of typological features of these Asian languages, such as tonality and aspiration in Chinese and Vietnamese, agglutination and derivational morphology in Japanese and Tamil, and, pragmatics, in particular politeness in Japanese. This volume not only looks at methodology and descriptive techniques, but also comments on missionary linguistic policies in Asia and offers articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics, historians, typologists, descriptive linguists and those interested in translation studies.

A Plurilingual History of the Portuguese Language in the Luso-Brazilian Empire
A Plurilingual History of the Portuguese Language in the Luso-Brazilian Empire

Author: Luciane Scarato

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-07-21

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 1000913546

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This book investigates the diverse ways in which the Portuguese language expanded in Brazil, despite the multilingual landscape that predominated before and after the arrival of the Europeans and the African diaspora. Challenging the assumption that the prevalence of Portuguese was a natural consequence and foregone conclusion of colonisation, the book argues that the language’s expansion was as much a result of state intervention as of individual agency. The growth of the Portuguese language was a tumultuous process that mirrored the power relations and conflicts between Amerindian, European, African, and mestizo actors who shaped, standardised, and promoted the language within and beyond state institutions. Knowing Portuguese became an identification sign of being Brazilian. However, a significant number of languages disappeared along the way, and the book highlights that virtual language homogeneity does not imply social equality. Portuguese’s variants place speakers on different social levels that justify domination and inequality. This research tells the history of a victorious language and other languages that left their mark on Brazilian Portuguese. A Plurilingual History of the Portuguese Language in the Luso-Brazilian Empire is a useful resource for scholars interested in the history and standardisation of languages, Portuguese and Brazilian history, and the impacts of colonisation.

Transnational Portuguese Studies
Transnational Portuguese Studies

Author: Hilary Owen

Publisher: Liverpool University Press

Published: 2020-06-17

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 1789627303

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Transnational Portuguese Studies offers a radical rethinking of the role played by the concepts of ‘nationhood’ and ‘the nation’ in the epistemologies that underpin Portuguese Studies as an academic discipline. Portuguese Studies offers a particularly rich and enlightening challenge to methodological nationalism in Modern Languages, not least because the teaching of Portuguese has always extended beyond the study of the single western European country from which the language takes its name. However, this has rarely been analysed with explicit, or critical, reference to the ‘transnational turn’ in Arts and Humanities. This volume of essays from leading scholars in Portugal, Brazil, the USA and the UK, explores how the histories, cultures and ideas constituted in and through Portuguese language resist borders and produce encounters, from the manoeuvres of 15th century ‘globalization’ and cartography to present-day mega events such as the Rio Olympics. The result is a timely counter-narrative to the workings of linguistic and cultural nationalism, demonstrating how texts, paintings and photobooks, musical forms, political ideas, cinematic representations, gender identities, digital communications and lexical forms, may travel, translate and embody transcultural contact in ways which only become readable through the optics of transnationalism. Contributors: Ana Margarida Dias Martins, Anna M. Klobucka, Christopher Larkosh, Claire Williams, Cláudia Pazos Alonso, Edward King, Ellen W. Sapega, Fernando Arenas, Hilary Owen, José Lingna Nafafé, Kimberly DaCosta Holton, Maria Luísa Coelho, Paulo de Medeiros, Sara Ramos Pinto, Sheila Moura Hue, Simon Park, Susana Afonso, Tatiana Heise, Toby Green, Tori Holmes, Vivien Kogut Lessa de Sá and Zoltán Biedermann.

Missionary Grammars and the Language of Translation in Korea (1876–1910)
Missionary Grammars and the Language of Translation in Korea (1876–1910)

Author: Paweł Kida

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-03-27

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 1003858430

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Missionary Grammars and the Language of Translation in Korea (1876−1910) embraces the Enlightenment period in Korea (1876−1910) after the opening of the so-called Hermit Nation in describing the Korean language and missionary works. This book includes a comprehensive analysis and description of works published at that time by John Ross (1877, 1882), Felix-Clair Ridel (1881), James Scott (1887, 1893), Camille Imbault-Huart (1893), Horace Grant Underwood (1890, 1914), James Scrath Gale (1894, 1903), and Annie Laurie Baird (1911) with the particular focus on missionary activities, linguistic practices, grammatical content, and the language of translation from Korean into a native language. The topic of missionary grammar was raised by Otto Zwartjes (2012, 2018) with a focus on South America, North America, and Portuguese missions in Asia and Africa. Still, so far, Korea had not been mentioned, and there has been missing content about missionary grammar in Korea. A necessary study has been made within the framework of AMG (Average Missionary Grammar). The author has concluded that missionary works played an essential role in the formation of further linguistic research in Korea. The Greek-Latin approach applied by Western missionaries to the language is still relevant in the grammatical description of the Korean language. This book will primarily appeal to Korean language educators, researchers, and historical linguists. Postgraduates interested in missionary grammar will also benefit from the content of this volume.

Missionary Linguistics V / Lingüística Misionera V
Missionary Linguistics V / Lingüística Misionera V

Author: Otto Zwartjes

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2014-04-15

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 9027270589

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The object of this volume is the study of missionary translation practices which occur within a colonial context of political domination and spiritual conquest. Missionary translation becomes especially manifest in bilingual ethnographic descriptions, in (bilingual) catechisms and in the missionaries’ lexicographic condensation of bilingual dictionaries. The study of these instances permits the analysis and interpretation of their guiding principles, their translation practice and underlying reasoning. It also permits the modern linguist to discern semantic changes that can be revealed in these missionary translations over certain periods. Up to now there has hardly been any study available that focuses on translation in missionary sources, of the different traditions in the Americas or Asia. This book will fill this gap, addressing the legacy of missionary translation practices and theories, the role of translation in evangelization and its particular form in the context of colonialism, the creation of loans from Spanish or Latin or equivalents or paraphrases in the indigenous languages in texts and dictionaries as translation strategies followed in bilingual editions. The process of acculturation and transculturation imposed by European religious systems is noted. This volume presents research on languages such as Nahuatl, Tarascan (Pur’épecha), Zapotec, Tamil, Chinese, Japanese, Pangasinán, and other Austronesian languages from the Philippines.

After Palmares
After Palmares

Author: Marc A Hertzman

Publisher: Duke University Press

Published: 2024-08-16

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1478059540

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In After Palmares, Marc A. Hertzman tells the rise, fall, and afterlives of Palmares, one of history’s largest and longest-lasting maroon societies. Forged during the seventeenth century by formerly enslaved Africans in what would become northeast Brazil, Palmares stood for a century, withstanding sustained attacks from two European powers. In 1695, colonial forces assassinated its most famous leader, Zumbi. Hertzman examines the remarkable ways that Palmares and its inhabitants lived on after Zumbi’s death, creating vivid portraits of those whose lives and voices scholars have often assumed are inaccessible. With an innovative approach to African languages, and paying close attention to place as well as African and diasporic spiritual beliefs, Hertzman reshapes our understanding of Palmares and Zumbi and advances a new framework for studying fugitive slave communities and marronage in the African diaspora.

Translating Early Modern China
Translating Early Modern China

Author: Carla Nappi

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0198866399

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The history of China, as any history, is a story of and in translation. Translating Early Modern China tells the story of translation in China to and from non-European languages and Latin between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries, and primarily in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Each chapter finds a particular translator resurrected from the past to tell the story of a text that helped shape the history of translation in China. In Chinese, Mongolian, Manchu, Latin, and more, these texts helped to make the Chinese language what it was at different points in its history. This volume explores what the form of an academic history book might look like by playing with fictioning as part of the historian's craft. The book's many stories--of glossaries and official Ming translation bureaus, of bilingual Ming Chinese-Mongolian language primers, of the first Latin grammar of Manchu, of a Qing Manchu conversation manual, of a collection of Manchu poems by a Qing translator--serve as case studies that open out into questions of language and translation in China's past, of the use of fiction as a historian's tool, and of the ways that translation creates language.