The Potawatomis
The Potawatomis

Author: R. David Edmunds

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 1978-01-01

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 9780806120690

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The Potawatomi Indians were the dominant tribe in the region of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and southern Michigan during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Active participants in the fur trade, and close friends with many French fur traders and government leaders, the Potawatomis remained loyal to New France throughout the colonial period, resisting the lure of the inexpensive British trade goods that enticed some of their neighbors into alliances with the British. During the colonial wars Potawatomi warriors journeyed far to the south and east to fight alongside their French allies against Braddock in Pennsylvania and other British forces in New York. As French fortunes in the Old Northwest declined, the Potawatomis reluctantly shifted their allegiance to the British Crown, fighting against the Americans during the Revolution, during Tecumseh’s uprising, and during the War of 1812. The advancing tide of white settlement in the Potawatomi lands after the wars brought many problems for the tribe. Resisting attempts to convert them into farmers, they took on the life-style of their old friends, the French traders. Raids into western territories by more warlike members of the tribe brought strong military reaction from the United States government and from white settlers in the new territories. Finally, after great pressure by government officials, the Potawatomis were forced to cede their homelands to the United States in exchange for government annuities. Although many of the treaties were fraudulent, government agents forced the tribe to move west of the Mississippi, often with much turmoil and suffering. This volume, the first scholarly history of the Potawatomis and their influence in the Old Northwest, is an important contribution to American Indian history. Many of the tribe’s leaders, long forgotten, such as Main Poc, Siggenauk, Onanghisse, Five Medals, and Billy Caldwell, played key roles in the development of Indian-white relations in the Great Lakes region. The Potawatomi experience also sheds light on the development of later United States policy toward Indians of many other tribes.

American Indian Leaders
American Indian Leaders

Author: Russell David Edmunds

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 1980-01-01

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9780803267053

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Diverse patterns and goals of leadership are illuminated in portraits of twelve Indian leaders since the colonial era including Old Briton, Joseph Brant, Sitting Bull, Quanah Parker, Carlos Montezuma, and Peter MacDonald

The Middle Ground
The Middle Ground

Author: Richard White

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-11-01

Total Pages: 577

ISBN-13: 1139495682

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An acclaimed book and widely acknowledged classic, The Middle Ground steps outside the simple stories of Indian-white relations - stories of conquest and assimilation and stories of cultural persistence. It is, instead, about a search for accommodation and common meaning. It tells how Europeans and Indians met, regarding each other as alien, as other, as virtually nonhuman, and how between 1650 and 1815 they constructed a common, mutually comprehensible world in the region around the Great Lakes that the French called pays d'en haut. Here the older worlds of the Algonquians and of various Europeans overlapped, and their mixture created new systems of meaning and of exchange. Finally, the book tells of the breakdown of accommodation and common meanings and the re-creation of the Indians as alien and exotic. First published in 1991, the 20th anniversary edition includes a new preface by the author examining the impact and legacy of this study.

The Miami Indians
The Miami Indians

Author: Bert Anson

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9780806131979

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One of the small group of tribes comprising the Illinois division of the Algonquian linguistic family, the Miamis emerged as a pivotal tribe only during the French and British imperial wars, the Miami Confederacy wars of the eighteenth century, and the treaty-making period of the nineteenth century. The Miamis reached their peak of political importance in the Indian confederacies which blocked the Northwest Territory in the 1790's and during the War of 1812. Their title to much of the present state of Indiana enabled them to make advantageous treaties and delay emigration until the late 1840's. The tribe's 1846-47 emigrations produced two branches, the Indiana group and the Kansas-Oklahoma group, which have maintained political co-operation in spite of deep-seated cultural antipathies and dispossession. Their solidarity has been rewarded by success in their suits before the United States Court of Claims. This account spans the years from 1658 to the present, emphasizing the occasions on which the Miamis were a decisive influence on the course of American history.

American Indians of the Ohio Country in the 18th Century
American Indians of the Ohio Country in the 18th Century

Author: Paul R. Misencik

Publisher: McFarland

Published: 2020-01-17

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 1476638500

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In the mid-17th century, the Iroquois Confederacy launched a war for control of the burgeoning fur trade industry. These conflicts, known as the Beaver Wars, were among the bloodiest in North American history, and the resulting defeat of the Erie nation led to present-day Ohio's becoming devoid of significant, permanent Indian inhabitants. Only in the first quarter of the 18th century did tribes begin to tentatively resettle the area. This book details the story of the Beaver Wars, the subsequent Indian migrations into present Ohio, the locations and descriptions of documented Indian trails and settlements, the Moravian Indian mission communities in Ohio, and the Indians' forlorn struggles to preserve an Ohio homeland, culminating in their expulsion by Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act in 1830.

The Ohio Frontier
The Ohio Frontier

Author: Emily Foster

Publisher: University Press of Kentucky

Published: 2021-10-21

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 0813185076

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Few mementoes remain of what Ohio was like before white people transformed it. The readings in this anthology—the diaries of a trader and a missionary, the letter of a frontier housewife, the travel account of a wide-eyed young English tourist, the memoir of an escaped slave, and many others—are eyewitness accounts of the Ohio frontier. They tell what people felt and thought about coming to the very fringes of white civilization—and what the people thought and did who saw them coming. Each succeeding group of newcomers—hunters, squatters, traders, land speculators, farmers, missionaries, fresh European immigrants—established a sense of place and community in the wilderness. Their writings tell of war, death, loneliness, and deprivation, as well as courage, ambition, success, and fun. We can see the lust for the land, the struggle for control of it, the terrors and challenges of the forest, and the determination of white settlers to change the land, tame it, "improve" it. The new Ohio these settlers created had no room for its native inhabitants. Their dispossession is a defining theme of the book. As the forests receded and the farms expanded, the Indians were pressured to move out. By the time the last tribe, the Wyandots, left in 1843, they were regarded as relics of the romantic past, and the frontier experience came to a close. Anyone fascinated by the panorama of America's westward migration will respond to the dramatic stories told in these pages.

Wapakoneta
Wapakoneta

Author: Ken Elchert

Publisher: Page Publishing Inc

Published: 2022-12-16

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 1662485824

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This is the first book to tell the fascinating history of the region in western Ohio which became the city of Wapakoneta before it was settled by white settlers and became the birthplace of Neil Armstrong. It covers the time period from 300 million years ago when this site was on the equator to 1832 and 1833 when the Shawnee Indians who lived there were removed to the Indian lands west of the Mississippi River. The book talks about the great river that flowed through that area before the mile-thick glaciers terraformed the landscape to what we see today. It then proceeds to provide the details of the earliest maps of the area made by the first explorers of European descent into the Ohio Country as well as the earliest French and British trading posts and forts in the Ohio Country. This includes information never published before about Fort Au Glaize built along the Auglaize River in 1748 in Wapakoneta. It also provides details of the Ohio Indians focusing on the Shawnees and tracing their movements in Ohio up to the time they were placed on reservations. The Wapakoneta Shawnee Reserve was the site of two Shawnee council houses which are highlighted in the book. Shawnees whose interesting exploits are covered include Black Hoof, Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet, Logan and Blue Jacket. The book also provides some details of the lives of Francis Duchouquet, their interpreter, and John Johnston, their government agent. To place all the events in perspective, 19 chronologies and timelines are provided. Throughout, the book reveals interesting and surprising connections between Neil Armstrong and the people, places and events in this very early history. The book is supplemented with 78 figures, 47 tables and 10 appendices.