Volume 1 covers: * Mathematical models * Differential equations * Stochastic aspects of hysteresis * Binary detection using hysteresis * Models of unemployment in economics Volume 2 covers: * Physical models of magnetic hysteresis * All aspects of magnetisation dynamics Volume 3 covers: * Hysteresis phenomena in materials * Over 2100 pages, rich with supporting illustrations, figures and equations * Contains contributions from an international list of authors, from a wide-range of disciplines * Covers all aspects of hysteresis - from differential equations, and binary detection, to models of unemployment and magnetisation dynamics.
Volume 1 covers: * Mathematical models * Differential equations * Stochastic aspects of hysteresis * Binary detection using hysteresis * Models of unemployment in economics Volume 2 covers: * Physical models of magnetic hysteresis * All aspects of magnetisation dynamics Volume 3 covers: * Hysteresis phenomena in materials * Over 2100 pages, rich with supporting illustrations, figures and equations * Contains contributions from an international list of authors, from a wide-range of disciplines * Covers all aspects of hysteresis - from differential equations, and binary detection, to models of unemployment and magnetisation dynamics.
As data transfer rates increase within the magnetic recording industry, improvements in device performance and reliability crucially depend on the thorough understanding of nonlinear magnetization dynamics at a sub-nanoscale level. This book offers a modern, stimulating approach to the subject of nonlinear magnetization dynamics by discussing important aspects such as the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, analytical solutions, and the connection between the general topological and structural aspects of dynamics. An advanced reference for the study and understanding of nonlinear magnetization dynamics, it addresses situations such as the understanding of spin dynamics in short time scales and device performance and reliability in magnetic recording. Topics covered include nonlinear magnetization dynamics and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, nonlinear dynamical systems, spin waves, ferromagnetic resonance and pulsed magnetization switching. The book explains how to derive exact analytical solutions for the complete nonlinear problem and emphasises the connection between the general topological and structural aspects of nonlinear magnetization dynamics and the discretization schemes better suited to its numerical study. It is an exceptional research tool providing an advanced understanding of the study of magnetization dynamics in situations of fundamental and technological interest.
In this book, a team of outstanding scientists in the field of modern magnetic nanotechnologies illustrates the state-of-the-art in several areas of advanced magneto-electronic devices, magnetic micro-electromechanical systems and high density information storage technologies. Providing a unique source of information for the young physicist, chemist or engineer, the book also serves as a crucial reference for the expert scientist and the teacher of advanced university courses.
The response of materials and the functioning of devices is often associated with noise. In this book, Stefano Zapperi concentrates on a particular type of noise, known as crackling noise, which is characterized by an intermittent series of broadly distributed pulses. While representing a nuisance in many practical applications, crackling noise can also tell us something useful about the microscopic processes ruling the materials behavior. Each crackle in the noise series usually corresponds to a localized impulsive event, an avalanche, occurring inside the material. A distinct statistical feature of crackling noise, and of the underlying avalanche behavior, is the presence of scaling, observed as power-law distributed noise pulses, long-range correlation, and scale free spectra. These are the hallmarks of critical phenomena and phase transitions. This work summarizes the current understanding of crackling noise, reviewing research undertaken in the past 30 years, from the early and influential ideas on self-organized criticality in sandpile models, to more modern studies on disordered systems. Crackling Noise covers the main theoretical models used to investigate avalanche phenomena, describes the statistical tools needed to analyze crackling noise, and provides a detailed discussion of a set of relevant examples of crackling noise in materials science. These include acoustic emission in fracture, strain bursts in amorphous and crystal plasticity, granular avalanches, magnetic noise in ferromagnets and superconductors, and fluid flow in porous media. The book concludes by considering the wider application of these models in the natural sciences.
The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact. This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions. This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.
This second part of Continuum Thermodynamics is designed to match almost one-to-one the chapters of Part I. This is done so that the reader studying thermodynamics will have a deepened understanding of the subjects covered in Part I. The aims of the book are in particular: the illustration of basic features of some simple thermodynamical models such as ideal and viscous fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, nonlinear solids, interactions with electromagnetic fields and diffusive porous materials. A further aim is the illustration of the above subjects by examples and simple solutions of initial and boundary problems as well as simple exercises to develop skills in the construction of interdisciplinary macroscopic models.
This second part of Continuum Thermodynamics is designed to match almost one-to-one the chapters of Part I. This is done so that the reader studying thermodynamics will have a deepened understanding of the subjects covered in Part I. The aims of the book are in particular: the illustration of basic features of some simple thermodynamical models such as ideal and viscous fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, nonlinear solids, interactions with electromagnetic fields, and diffusive porous materials. A further aim is the illustration of the above subjects by examples and simple solutions of initial and boundary problems as well as simple exercises to develop skills in the construction of interdisciplinary macroscopic models.
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the physics of hysteresis in magnetism and of the mathematical tools used to describe it. Hysteresis in Magnetism discusses from a unified viewpoint the relationsof hysteresis to Maxwells equations, equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, non-linear system dynamics, micromagnetics, and domain theory. These aspects are then applied to the interpretation of magnetization reversal mechanisms: coherent rotation and switching in magnetic particles, stochastic domain wall motion and the Barkhausen effect, coercivity mechanisms and magnetic viscosity, rate-dependent hysteresis and eddy-current losses. The book emphasizes the connection between basic physical ideas and phenomenological models of interest to applications, and, in particular, to the conceptual path going from Maxwells equations and thermodynamics to micromagnetics and to Preisach hysteresis modeling. - The reader will get insight into the importance and role of hysteresis in magnetism; In particular, he will learn: - which are the fingerprints of hysteresis in magnetism - which are the situations in which hysteresis may appear - how to describe mathematically these situations - how to apply these descriptions to magnetic materials - how to interpret and predict magnetic hysteresis phenomena observed experimentally
About sixty years ago, the anomalous magnetic response of certain magnetic alloys drew the attention of theoretical physicists. It soon became clear that understanding these systems, now called spin glasses, would give rise to a new branch of statistical physics. As physical materials, spin glasses were found to be as useless as they were exotic. They have nevertheless been recognized as paradigmatic examples of complex systems with applications to problems as diverse as neural networks, amorphous solids, biological molecules, social and economic interactions, information theory and constraint satisfaction problems.This book presents an encyclopaedic overview of the broad range of these applications. More than 30 contributions are compiled, written by many of the leading researchers who have contributed to these developments over the last few decades. Some timely and cutting-edge applications are also discussed. This collection serves well as an introduction and summary of disordered and glassy systems for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and practitioners interested in the topic.
