Photosynthesis Research Protocols
Photosynthesis Research Protocols

Author: Robert Carpentier

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-04

Total Pages: 341

ISBN-13: 1592597998

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Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological phenomena on earth. The conversion of sunlight by photosynthetic organisms supplies most of the energy required to develop and sustain life on the planet. Photosynthesis is not only at the heart of plant bioenergetics, it is also fundamental to plant prod- tivity and biomass. Photosynthetic carbon fixation and oxygen evolution - rectly intervene in many environmental, including the global atmospheric CO 2 level and global climate. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large effort is devoted to photosynthesis research. Several biochemical methods of isolation, treatment, and analysis have been developed to fulfill the needs of photosynthesis research. Photosynthesis Research Protocols contains a broad range of general and fundamental me- ods that are commonly used by plant biochemists, physiologists, and mole- lar biologists. This book is thus intended as a source of information for scientists working on any of the multiple aspects of photosynthesis, and should be of great interest to a multidisciplinary field of research involving agric- ture, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, cell biology, environmental s- ences, forestry, plant genetics, plant molecular biology, photobiology, photophysics, photoprotection, plant physiology, plant stress, etc.

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications

Author: David J. Suggett

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-08-23

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9048192684

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Measurements of variable chlorophyll fluorescence have revolutionised global research of photosynthetic bacteria, algae and plants and in turn assessment of the status of aquatic ecosystems, a success that has partly been facilitated by the widespread commercialisation of a suite of chlorophyll fluorometers designed for almost every application in lakes, rivers and oceans. Numerous publications have been produced as researchers and assessors have simultaneously sought to optimise protocols and practices for key organisms or water bodies; however, such parallel efforts have led to difficulties in reconciling processes and patterns across the aquatic sciences. This book follows on from the first international conference on “chlorophyll fluorescence in the aquatic sciences” (AQUAFLUO 2007): to bridge the gaps between the concept, measurement and application of chlorophyll fluorescence through the synthesis and integration of current knowledge from leading researchers and assessors as well as instrument manufacturers.

Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms
Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms

Author: Horacio G Pontis

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-09-06

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 0128034033

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Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms: Plants, Green Algae and Cyanobacteria examines both general and detailed aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in photosynthetic organisms, along with the four main oligosaccharides and each enzymatic reaction that gives birth to them. Chapters include information on how biological active protein is extracted for different cells, determination of enzymatic activity, separation of proteins by different available methods, and descriptions of analytical methods for the determination of various types of carbohydrates in photosynthetic organisms. The book contains useful protocols for researchers working on the determination of carbohydrate metabolism. The book provides foundational content as well as step-by-step guidance on how to design and conduct an experiment, including what other methodologies could be used if advanced instruments are not readily available. - Includes a variety of analytical methods and how to apply the methods using examples from specific case studies - Discusses technical information on how to characterize plant carbohydrates and sugar nucleosides - Contains easy-to-follow protocols with detailed explanations for self-guidance - Provides foundational content as well as step-by-step guidance on how to design and conduct an experiment

Crop Photosynthesis
Crop Photosynthesis

Author: N.R. Baker

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 1483291413

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Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes. Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops. This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself. The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.

MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols
MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols

Author: Rony Seger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-03

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 1592596711

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are a group of protein kinases that play a central role in the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals. These cascades operate as major lines of communication within a complicated signaling network that regulates many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, development, stress response, and apoptosis. More than 15,000 papers on MAPKs have been published over the past few years, with the number of publications increasing each year. More and more laboratories embark on the study of MAPK cascades in many d- tinct cellular systems and in particular their role in disease. Future challenges in the study of MAPK cascades remain in understa- ing the role of the various components and isoforms of the cascades in the multiple critical functions that they regulate in the whole organism, as well as the diseases caused by their malfunction. Data from gene-disrupted mice s- gest that inhibition of the MAPK cascades may have serious consequences on the development and growth of the animals. For example, targeted deletion of MEK1 is lethal, owing to developmental problems of placental vasculature and abnormal fibroblast migration. This lethality occurs in spite of the normal expression of MEK2, indicating that although the two MEK isoforms are apparently similar, they do have distinct functions, at least during embryog- esis. The ERK cascade was also shown to play a central role in brain function and in learning and memory.

Signal Transduction Protocols
Signal Transduction Protocols

Author: Robert C. Dickson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-02

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 1592598161

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In 1995, Signal Transduction Protocols, edited by David A. Kendall and Stephen J. Hill, was published in the Methods in Molecular Biology series. This second edition represents an update to that previous work with an emp- sis on new methodologies that have developed in the last few years. The goal, then and now, is to provide procedures written by experts with first-hand ex- rience in a detail that goes far beyond what is generally encountered in the “methods” section of most journals and thus actually permits a particular p- cedure to be replicated. In addition, we have had as a secondary goal the id- tification of protocols for the assay of general classes of signal transduction components that, ideally, can be adapted to the assay of any member of that class. The ability to do this has resulted in large part from the use of affini- based assays, the ease with which specific proteins can be specifically tagged, and an explosion in the availability of highly specific antibodies from comm- cial sources, especially antibodies raised against signaling proteins of human origin. The number of available approaches is, fortunately for those working in signaling research, far too great to fit within the confines of this volume, so hard choices as to what to include had to be made.

Neuroprotection Methods and Protocols
Neuroprotection Methods and Protocols

Author: Tiziana Borsello

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-08

Total Pages: 498

ISBN-13: 1588296660

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This book examines current research into the role of neuronal death in cell signaling pathways, and its role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. After introducing neurodegenerative, traumatic, and ishemic disorders, the authors cover in vitro and animal systems, and cellular and molecular mechanisms.

B Cell Protocols
B Cell Protocols

Author: Hua Gu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-04

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 1592597963

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B-lymphocyte development and function remains an exciting area of research for those interested in the physiology and pathology of the immune system in higher animals. While recent advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have provided a large spectrum of powerful new experimental tools in this field, it is both time consuming and often very difficult for a student or just any bench-side worker to identify a reliable experimental protocol in the ocean of the literature. The aim of B Cell Protocols is to provide a collection of diverse protocols ranging from the latest inventions and applications to some classic, but still frequently used methods in B-cell biology. The authors of the various chapters are all highly qualified scientists who are either the inventors or expert users of these methods. Their extensive experience in mastering a particular method provides not only the step-by-step details of a reproducible protocol, but also useful troubleshooting tips that readers will appreciate in their daily work. We hope that this book will be helpful for both beginning and experienced researchers in the field in designing or modifying an experimental approach, and exploring a biological question from multiple angles.

Nitric Oxide Protocols
Nitric Oxide Protocols

Author: Aviv Hassid

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-02

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1592598072

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Carrying on the high standards of the much-praised first edition of Nitric Oxide Protocols, Aviv Hassid has brought together a panel of expert researchers and clinician scientists to describe in step-by-step detail the latest methodologies for the measurement of nitric oxide--and the enzyme that produces it-in biological tissues and fluids. The authors take advantage of the latest methodologies for the quantitation of biological fluids and tissues, including capillary electrophoresis, microcoaxial electrodes, in vivo measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air, confocal microscopy, gas chromatography, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Chapters on the measurement of the novel products of nitric oxide, such as nitrated proteins, S-nitrosylated proteins, and dioxygen-dependent NO metabolism, are also included. Additional chapters address the expression of nitric oxide synthase via the use of viral vectors in gene therapy for erectile dysfunction and cancer, as well as in retrovirus, adenovirus, or adenoassociated virus-mediated expression of nitric oxide synthase in vivo. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each one offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. State-of-the-art and highly practical, Nitric Oxide Protocols, 2nd ed., offers investigators and clinican/scientists a gold-standard collection of readily reproducible analytical techniques for measuring levels of nitric oxide and determining its manifold functions and effects.