Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators
Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators

Author: David Fischer

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-04-29

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 1118852699

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Pollinators play a vital role in ecosystem health and are essential to ensuring food security. With declines in both managed and wild pollinator populations in recent years, scientists and regulators have sought answers to this problem and have explored implementing steps to protect pollinator populations now and for the future. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators focuses on the role pesticides play in impacting bee populations and looks to develop a risk assessment process, along with the data to inform that process, to better assess the potential risks that can accompany the use of pesticide products. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators opens with two chapters that provide a biological background of both Apis and non-Apis species of pollinators. Chapters then present an overview of the general regulatory risk assessment process and decision-making processes. The book then discusses the core elements of a risk assessment, including exposure estimation, laboratory testing, and field testing. The book concludes with chapters on statistical and modeling tools, and proposed additional research that may be useful in developing the ability to assess the impacts of pesticide use on pollinator populations. Summarizing the current state of the science surrounding risk assessment for Apis and non-Apis species, Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators is a timely work that will be of great use to the environmental science and agricultural research communities. Assesses pesticide risk to native and managed pollinators Summarizes the state of the science in toxicity testing and risk assessment Provides valuable biological overviews of both Apis and non-Apis pollinators Develops a plausible overall risk assessment framework for regulatory decision making Looks towards a globally harmonized approach for pollinator toxicity and risk assessment

Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators
Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators

Author: David Fischer

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Published: 2014-07-14

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 9781118852521

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Pollinators play a vital role in ecosystem health and are essential to ensuring food security. With declines in both managed and wild pollinator populations in recent years, scientists and regulators have sought answers to this problem and have explored implementing steps to protect pollinator populations now and for the future. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators focuses on the role pesticides play in impacting bee populations and looks to develop a risk assessment process, along with the data to inform that process, to better assess the potential risks that can accompany the use of pesticide products. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators opens with two chapters that provide a biological background of both Apis and non-Apis species of pollinators. Chapters then present an overview of the general regulatory risk assessment process and decision-making processes. The book then discusses the core elements of a risk assessment, including exposure estimation, laboratory testing, and field testing. The book concludes with chapters on statistical and modeling tools, and proposed additional research that may be useful in developing the ability to assess the impacts of pesticide use on pollinator populations. Summarizing the current state of the science surrounding risk assessment for Apis and non-Apis species, Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators is a timely work that will be of great use to the environmental science and agricultural research communities. Assesses pesticide risk to native and managed pollinators Summarizes the state of the science in toxicity testing and risk assessment Provides valuable biological overviews of both Apis and non-Apis pollinators Develops a plausible overall risk assessment framework for regulatory decision making Looks towards a globally harmonized approach for pollinator toxicity and risk assessment

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Author: John P. Giesy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-04-10

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 3319038656

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

Bioassay Development, Pesticide Risk Assessment for Integrated Pest & Pollinator Management of the Solitary Bee Osmia Cornifrons in Eastern U.S. Apple Orchards and the International Pesticide Regulation
Bioassay Development, Pesticide Risk Assessment for Integrated Pest & Pollinator Management of the Solitary Bee Osmia Cornifrons in Eastern U.S. Apple Orchards and the International Pesticide Regulation

Author: Ngoc Phan

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Pesticides are believed to be a major contributor to regional pollinator declines which hassled to pollination insecurity. This dissertation furthers the evolving process of integrating pollinator health into the Eastern US apple orchard IPM program that has been termed IPPM. It focuses on the pesticide risk assessment for orchard pollinators by measuring species-based differences in toxicity responses of wild bees and honey bees to pesticide exposure through ingestion by measuring delayed mortality and sublethal developmental effects on adults and larvae. We also compare pesticide regulations between the US and the EU that shows the pros and cons in present pesticide regulatory decisions of these countries, and suggest future directions in instructing new policies regarding pollinator health. Previously in this lab, pesticide residue levels in apple pollen and nectar were measured to quantify the ingestion exposure of adult and larval bees to commonly used orchard pesticides. In this study, we developed a new ingestion bioassay protocol for assessing pesticide toxicity to the larvae and adults of a solitary bee (Megachilidae: Osmia cornifrons) to compare its toxicity profile to the European honey bee. Results from several bioassays allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of present IPPM pesticide recommendations and have already informed our decision to modify the timing and selection of several insecticide and fungicide pest control tactics to increase the safety to both managed and wild pollinators regionally. This information will also influence pesticide registration decisions and pesticide regulatory frameworks for pollinator protection in the future.

Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms
Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms

Author: Johnson Stanley

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-08-12

Total Pages: 531

ISBN-13: 9401777527

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The pesticide should cause effect on the target pests and be selective enough to spare the non-target beneficial. The book deals with the pesticide toxicity to predators, parasitoids and microbes which are used for pest management in the agroecosystem. The other beneficials exposed to pesticides are pollinators, earthworms, silkworm and fishes. The book contains information on the modes of pesticide exposure and toxicity to the organisms, sub-lethal effects of insecticides and method of toxicity assessment, risk assessment of pesticidal application in the field. The purpose of the work is to compile and present the different procedures to assess pesticide poising in organisms related to the agroecosystem along with discussions on risk assessment procedures with clear comparison of toxicity of pesticides to target pests and non target beneficial organisms.

Protection of Wild Pollinators in the Pesticide Risk Assessment and Management
Protection of Wild Pollinators in the Pesticide Risk Assessment and Management

Author: Renja Bereswill

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This research project investigated the current scientific knowledge on flower visiting insects with special attention on their ecology, their toxicological sensitivity and their exposure towards pesticides. On this basis the key elements for an environmental risk assessment for flower visiting insects have been discussed and the feasibility and effectiveness of risk management options, which have to be considered during the application of pesticides, have been assessed.

Status of Pollinators in North America
Status of Pollinators in North America

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-05-13

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 0309102898

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Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.

Pesticide Risk Assessment
Pesticide Risk Assessment

Author: Sumitra Arora

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2019-04-08

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 178064633X

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We have been witnessing a silent chemical revolution over the past half century. Pesticides bring widespread environmental contamination, with residues detected far from their site of application. These substances are playing havoc with the lives of humans and the environment because of their indiscriminate use. Pesticide Risk Assessment describes the environmental risks associated with the injudicious use of pesticides and their mixtures, their methods of estimation and assessment, and their regulation. It also contains methods to reduce and minimize the risks associated with the use of pesticides. The book: Examines pesticides, their impact on the environment, mode of action, estimation methods, risk assessment, mixture toxicity, alternatives for risk reduction, and regulatory aspects.Includes global case studies detailing cases of pesticide poisoning, and the health effects of exposure to pesticides. Covers risks to human health, aquifers and aquatic organisms, pollinators, soil micro flora and fauna, terrestrial organisms and wildlife. Suitable for anyone involved in pesticide application and integrated pest management, this is essential reading for researchers, scientists, extension workers and policy makers.

Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Author: Steeve Hervé Thany

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-01-11

Total Pages: 127

ISBN-13: 1441964452

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The aim of this book is to summarize our understanding on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This area of research received great impetus from the identification of the first subunit sequences to be used as neonicotinoid insecticide target sites. Although a book of this nature can provide the details only of commonly published results, it is hoped that it may provide a useful guide to the newcomer to the field as well as to point out some of the future challenges. For example, we need to determine the precise subunit nomenclature of insect nicotinic receptors. This nomenclature varies amongst species and this led to some of the early confusion that persists. We need to be precise in identifying the subunit composition of native insect nicotinic receptor subtypes, their functional properties and physiological roles.