The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988

The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988

Author: Philip C. Huang

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 880

ISBN-13: 0804717885

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How can we account for the durability of subsistence farming in China despite six centuries of vigorous commercialization from 1350 to 1950 and three decades of collectivization between 1950 to 1980? Why did the Chinese rural economy not undergo the transformation predicted by the classical models of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? In attempting to answer this question, scholars have generally treated commercialization and collectivization as distinct from population increase, the other great rural change of the past six centuries. This book breaks new ground in arguing that in the Yangzi delta, China's most advanced agricultural region, population increase was what drove commercialization and collectivization, even as it was made possible by them. The processes at work, which the author terms involutionary commercialization and involutionary growth, entailed ever-increasing labor input per unit of land, resulting in expanded total output but diminishing marginal returns per workday. In the Ming-Qing period, involution usually meant a switch to more labor-intensive cash crops and low-return household sidelines. In post-revolutionary China, it typically meant greatly intensified crop production. Stagnant or declining returns per workday were absorbed first by the family production unit and then by the collective. The true significance of the 1980's reforms, the author argues, lies in the diversion of labour from farming to rural industries and profitable sidelines and the first increases for centuries in productivity and income per workday. With these changes have come a measure of rural prosperity and the genuine possibility of transformative rural development. By reconstructing Ming-Qing agricultural history and drawing on twentieth-century ethnographic data and his own field investigations, the author brings his large themes down to the level of individual peasant households. Like his acclaimed The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China (1985), this study is noteworthy for both its empirical richness and its theoretical sweep, but it goes well beyond the earlier work in its inter-regional comparisons and its use of the pre- and post-1949 periods to illuminate each other.


A Tale of Two Villages

A Tale of Two Villages

Author: Alina Mungiu

Publisher: Central European University Press

Published: 2010-01-01

Total Pages: 231

ISBN-13: 9639776785

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This dramatic story of land and power from twentieth-century Eastern Europe is set in two extraordinary villages: a rebel village, where peasants fought the advent of Communism and became its first martyrs, and a model village turned forcibly into a town, Dictator Ceauşescu’s birthplace. The two villages capture among themselves nearly a century of dramatic transformation and social engineering, ending up with their charged heritage in the present European Union. "One of Romania’s foremost social critics, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi offers a valuable look at several decades of policy that marginalized that country’s rural population, from the 1918 land reform to the post-1989 property restitution. Illustrating her arguments with a close comparison of two contrasting villages, she describes the actions of a long series of “predatory elites,” from feudal landowners through the Communist Party through post-communist leaders, all of whom maintained the rural population’s dependency. A forceful concluding chapter shows that its prospects for improvement are scarcely better within the EU. Romania’s villagers have an eminent and spirited advocate in the author.”


Factory Daughters

Factory Daughters

Author: Diane L. Wolf

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 0520086570

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Looking at the households where Javanese women live and the factories where they labour, Diane Wolf reveals the contradictions, constraints and changes in women's lives in the Third World and identifies the complex dynamics of class, gender, agrarian change and industrialization in rural Java.


The European Peasant Family and Society

The European Peasant Family and Society

Author: Richard L. Rudolph

Publisher: Liverpool University Press

Published: 1995-01-01

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9780853233282

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In recent years the peasant household has become a central focal point of social history. This is true not only because the peasant represents the major element of European society through the nineteenth century, but also because many of the main issues in modern historical debate can be studied within the sphere of the peasant family. This book deals with the European peasant family during the period of transformation from agrarian to industrial society, the time called by some the period of protoindustrialization. The essays in this volume explore some of the major issues concerning the influence of the economy, society and institutions on the peasant household and, conversely, the influence of the peasant household on the outside world. Themes dealt with include the ways in which the physical environment and the economy may make for very different family structures and even affect intra-family relationships; the effects of inheritance, marriage and kinship strategies, as well as social pressure, on peasant family structure and demography; the debate about changing gender roles and status; the debate over the manner and effects of class formation; questions of social and political agency; the nature of gender and parent-child relations; the validity of protoindustrial theory; and the role of peasants in initiating industrialization as consumers, producers and as a labor force. In examining these themes, the essays provide both case studies and innovative analysis by preeminent international scholars in the fields of family and women’s history, economic history and demography.


Institutional Change And Rural Industrialization In China: The Putting-out System In Handicraft Industry In Late Qing And Early Republic Period

Institutional Change And Rural Industrialization In China: The Putting-out System In Handicraft Industry In Late Qing And Early Republic Period

Author: Feizhou Zhou

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing

Published: 2018-11-16

Total Pages: 163

ISBN-13: 9814569933

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This book explores the development of the putting-out system in hand-woven textile industries in late Qing Dynasty and China's Republican Period. In classic sociology theory, the putting-out system in handcraft production was regarded as traditional and inefficient. In the context of Republican China, it was believed that this kind of household-based production system would have totally failed in competition with the factory system of machinery production. However, this book exhibits the historical fact that the putting-out system was booming in handcraft textile production and subsequently provides an explanation to this phenomenon from the perspectives of institutional analysis and quantitative modeling. With rich county-level data and comprehensive analysis, this book is valuable for both researchers, academics and students in economics and social history studies.


Industrialization, Family Life, and Class Relations

Industrialization, Family Life, and Class Relations

Author: Elinor Ann Accampo

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 9780520060951

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"[Accampo's] analysis and interpretations of quantitative material are sophisticated and convincing. Students of social history, labor history, modern France, and women's history will welcome this book."--Lenard R. Berlanstein, University of Virginia "One of the most original and exciting studies in nineteenth-century French working-class history that I have read in years. Accampo's scholarship is breathtaking, and her grasp, incorporation, and criticism of relevant secondary literature is faultless."--Christopher Johnson, Wayne State University "[Accampo's] analysis and interpretations of quantitative material are sophisticated and convincing. Students of social history, labor history, modern France, and women's history will welcome this book."--Lenard R. Berlanstein, University of Virginia


Industiarlization before Industiarlization

Industiarlization before Industiarlization

Author: Peter Kriedte

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1982-01-28

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 9780521238090

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Beginning in the late Middle Ages, and accelerating in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there developed in many rural regions of Europe a domestic industry, mass-producing craft goods for distant markets. This book presents an analysis of this 'industrialization before industrialization', and considers the question whether it constituted a distinct mode of production, different from the preceding feudal economy and from subsequent industrial capitalism, or was part of a process of continuous evolution characterized by the spread of wage labour and the penetration of capitalism into the process of production. It is a full-scale attempt to take a look at the place of proto-industrialization in the genesis of capitalism, and will interest economic and social historians, as well as anthropologists, sociologists, and others concerned with the development of capitalism.


Rural Industrialisation

Rural Industrialisation

Author: T. M. Dak

Publisher: Northern Book Centre

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 9788185119465

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Viewed mainly as the growth of manufacturing sector as opposed to agriculture and the increased use of inanimate sources of power in the production of goods and services, rural industrialization offers the greatest scope for absorbing the existing and growing labour force outside the field of agriculture. However, rural industrial scene continues to be characterised by the concentration of labour force in agriculture, predominance of traditional crafts, low levels of technology, hereditary mode of production, poor productivity and returns and low labour efficiency and utilisation. Besides glorification of traditional crafts and self-employment, caste-industry nexus, and above all policy bias in favour of agriculture as against industry and large and medium capital-intensive industries as against small village and cottage industries also worked as strong impediments to the development of rural crafts. Drawing from the nationwide experiences, this book examines the problems of the growth and modernisation of rural industries from socio-economic perspectives and probes into the organisational and technology system underlying their production structure with all its implications an ramifications. The reversal of the policy favouring large modern industry sector and the spread of tiny small industries throughout the country with full package of organisational, technical, financial and marketing support in adequate measure have been strongly advocated. In addition, the integration of the development of rural industries with the overall programme of industrialisation was emphasized.


The Family and Industrial Society

The Family and Industrial Society

Author: C. C. Harris

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2021-10-17

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 1000463958

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Originally published in 1983, the origin of this book is to be found in C. C. Harris’s ‘Changing conceptions of the relation between family and societal form’ (in Scase: Industrial Society: Class, Cleavage and Control). In that article Harris attempted to relate traditional research on the family to recent developments in historical enquiry and Marxist scholarship. The aim of The Family and Industrial Society is to explain the character of the contemporary family by placing it in a wider historical and theoretical perspective. It is therefore directed at the undergraduate student for whom the ‘sociology of the family’, as a topic, has for too long been relatively unrelated to those contemporary developments in sociological thought and practice which inform other substantive areas of sociological work. The late C.C. Harris is perhaps best known for his best-selling introductory text The Family: An Introduction, first published in 1969. This new text was not, however, a straightforward replacement of an earlier book by a more up-to-date volume. Far too much had happened in sociology, in social studies and in family life itself, for a simple updating to make any sense. The Family was primarily a descriptive introduction, and was a presentation, albeit critical, of an orthodoxy. While this new book retains an introductory element based upon The Family’s earlier chapters, the greater part of it is exploratory and assumes a higher level of sophistication and sociological understanding; it is also substantially longer. Dr Harris was singularly well qualified to write a volume of this kind. Not only had he conducted and was conducting empirical research into the family, but his wide theoretical interests rendered him uniquely well placed to contribute to the theoretical development of his field. Few sociologists shared his familiarity with both anthropological and historical work. He was thoroughly familiar with the now unfashionable structural functional approach of which he had always been critical, but was enthusiastic about the potentialities of contemporary developments. The result is a sophisticated text which combines instruction, criticism, interpretation and exploration in one volume; which familiarises the student with the fundamental work of the past (too often neglected) and explores exciting new developments for the future. It also includes the only general discussion of change in the British family since the last edition of Fletcher’s The Family and Marriage in Britain.


Children and Childhood in Western Society Since 1500

Children and Childhood in Western Society Since 1500

Author: Hugh Cunningham

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-07-10

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 131786803X

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This book investigates the relationship between ideas about childhood and the actual experience of being a child, and assesses how it has changed over the span of five hundred years. Hugh Cunningham tells an engaging story of the development of ideas about childhood from the Renaissance to the present, taking in Locke, Rosseau, Wordsworth and Freud, revealing considerable differences in the way western societites have understood and valued childhood over time. His survey of parent/child relationships uncovers evidence of parental love, care and, in the frequent cases of child death, grief throughout the period, concluding that there was as much continuity as change in the actual relations of children and adults across these five centuries. For undergraduate courses in History of the Family, European Social History, History of Children and Gender History.