Patterns of Diversification Revealed by Phylogenies
Author: Arne Øyvind Mooers
Publisher:
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRead and Download eBook Full
Author: Arne Øyvind Mooers
Publisher:
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Arne Øyvind Mooers
Publisher:
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 388
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Nathan David Smith
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 334
ISBN-13: 9781124869261
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Pelecaniformes and the larger waterbird clade that includes them are among the most morphologically and ecologically diverse assemblages of birds. Debate regarding pelecaniform monophyly and interrelationships represents a classic example of discord between morphological and molecular estimates of phylogeny. Robust hypotheses of waterbird relationships are critical to understanding the group's fossil record, temporal pattern of diversification, and the evolution of complex character systems. This dissertation examines patterns of phylogeny and morphological character evolution within the Pelecaniformes and the diverse waterbird assemblage. Chapter Two presents a phylogenetic study of waterbirds utilizing a novel osteological dataset. Pelecaniform monophyly is not recovered, with Phaethontidae recovered as distantly related to all other pelecaniforms, which are supported as a monophyletic Steganopodes. The extinct Plotopteridae are recovered as the sister taxon to Phalacrocoracoidea, and the relationships of other fossil pelecaniforms representing key calibration points are well supported, including Limnofregata (sister taxon to Fregatidae), Prophaethon and Lithoptila (successive sister taxa to Phaethontidae), and?Borvocarbo stoeffelensis (sister taxon to Phalacrocoracidae). The phylogenetic position of the Plotopteridae implies that wing-propelled diving evolved independently in plotopterids and penguins, representing a remarkable case of convergent evolution. Chapter Three provides a systematic description and analysis of a new fossil species of waterbird representing one of the oldest members of Ciconiiformes (and possibly stem-Threskiornithidae) known, and implies that additional lineages within the waterbird assemblage had diverged by the late Early Eocene. Chapter Four assesses the relationship between skeletal pneumaticity and body mass and foraging ecology in waterbirds. Changes in pneumaticity and body mass are congruent across different estimates of phylogeny, whereas pursuit diving has evolved independently between two and five times. Phylogenetic regressions detected positive relationships between body mass and pneumaticity, and negative relationships between pursuit diving and pneumaticity, whether independent variables are considered in isolation or jointly. Results are consistent across different estimates of topology and branch lengths. Phylogenetically informed 'predictive' analyses reveal that several pursuit divers (loons, penguins, cormorants, darters) are significantly apneumatic compared to their relatives. This research sheds new light on waterbird evolution, and outlines a framework for integrating morphological, molecular, and paleontological data in evolutionary studies.
Author: Serge Morand
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2015-02-26
Total Pages: 503
ISBN-13: 1107037654
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBy joining phylogenetics and evolutionary ecology, this book explores the patterns of parasite diversity while revealing diversification processes.
Author: Roger Butlin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2009-01-22
Total Pages: 346
ISBN-13: 9780521709637
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe diversity of species of plants and animals is the net result of the origin of new species by the splitting of existing lineages (speciation) and the loss of species through extinction. Why there are more species in some groups of organisms, in some places or at some times depends on the balance of these processes. This book explores the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns of biological diversity, and is unusual in that it brings together the viewpoints of ecologists interested in the processes that generate patterns of diversity and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation. It is intended to stimulate dialogue between these groups and so promote a more complete understanding of biological diversity.
Author: Olivier Gascuel
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2007-06-28
Total Pages: 349
ISBN-13: 0199208220
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEvolution is a complex process, acting at multiple scales, from DNA sequences and proteins to populations of species. Understanding and reconstructing evolution is of major importance in numerous subfields of biology. For example, phylogenetics and sequence evolution is central to comparative genomics, attempts to decipher genomes, and molecular epidemiology. Phylogenetics is also the focal point of large-scale international biodiversity assessment initiatives such as the 'Tree ofLife' project, which aims to build the evolutionary tree for all extant species.Since the pioneering work in phylogenetics in the 1960s, models have become increasingly sophisticated to account for the inherent complexity of evolution. They rely heavily on mathematics and aim at modelling and analyzing biological phenomena such as horizontal gene transfer, heterogeneity of mutation, and speciation and extinction processes. This book presents these recent models, their biological relevance, their mathematical basis, their properties, and the algorithms to infer them fromdata. A number of subfields from mathematics and computer science are involved: combinatorics, graph theory, stringology, probabilistic and Markov models, information theory, statistical inference, Monte Carlo methods, continuous and discrete algorithmics.This book arises from the Mathematics of Evolution & Phylogenetics meeting at the Mathematical Institute Henri Poincaré, Paris, in June 2005 and is based on the outstanding state-of-the-art reports presented by the conference speakers. Ten chapters - based around five themes - provide a detailed overview of key topics, from the underlying concepts to the latest results, some of which are at the forefront of current research.
Author: Roseli Pellens
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-02-24
Total Pages: 396
ISBN-13: 3319224611
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is about phylogenetic diversity as an approach to reduce biodiversity losses in this period of mass extinction. Chapters in the first section deal with questions such as the way we value phylogenetic diversity among other criteria for biodiversity conservation; the choice of measures; the loss of phylogenetic diversity with extinction; the importance of organisms that are deeply branched in the tree of life, and the role of relict species. The second section is composed by contributions exploring methodological aspects, such as how to deal with abundance, sampling effort, or conflicting trees in analysis of phylogenetic diversity. The last section is devoted to applications, showing how phylogenetic diversity can be integrated in systematic conservation planning, in EDGE and HEDGE evaluations. This wide coverage makes the book a reference for academics, policy makers and stakeholders dealing with biodiversity conservation.
Author: Olivier Gascuel
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2005-02-24
Total Pages: 444
ISBN-13: 9780191513732
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book considers evolution at different scales: sequences, genes, gene families, organelles, genomes and species. The focus is on the mathematical and computational tools and concepts, which form an essential basis of evolutionary studies, indicate their limitations, and give them orientation. Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the mathematics of evolution and phylogeny, with models and methods becoming more realistic, powerful, and complex. Aimed at graduates and researchers in phylogenetics, mathematicians, computer scientists and biologists, and including chapters by leading scientists: A. Bergeron, D. Bertrand, D. Bryant, R. Desper, O. Elemento, N. El-Mabrouk, N. Galtier, O. Gascuel, M. Hendy, S. Holmes, K. Huber, A. Meade, J. Mixtacki, B. Moret, E. Mossel, V. Moulton, M. Pagel, M.-A. Poursat, D. Sankoff, M. Steel, J. Stoye, J. Tang, L.-S. Wang, T. Warnow, Z. Yang, this book of contributed chapters explains the basis and covers the recent results in this highly topical area.
Author: Winfried Henke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2007-05-10
Total Pages: 2057
ISBN-13: 3540324747
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis 3-volume handbook brings together contributions by the world ́s leading specialists that reflect the broad spectrum of modern palaeoanthropology, thus presenting an indispensable resource for professionals and students alike. Vol. 1 reviews principles, methods, and approaches, recounting recent advances and state-of-the-art knowledge in phylogenetic analysis, palaeoecology and evolutionary theory and philosophy. Vol. 2 examines primate origins, evolution, behaviour, and adaptive variety, emphasizing integration of fossil data with contemporary knowledge of the behaviour and ecology of living primates in natural environments. Vol. 3 deals with fossil and molecular evidence for the evolution of Homo sapiens and its fossil relatives.
Author: Martin Aluja
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 1999-12-20
Total Pages: 1180
ISBN-13: 9780849312755
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, eating their way through acres and acres of citrus and other fruits at an alarming rate and forcing food and agriculture agencies to spend millions of dollars in control and management measures. But until now, the study of fruit flies has been traditionally biased towards applied aspects (e.g., management, monitoring, and mass rearing)-understandable, given the tremendous economic impact of this species. This work is the first that comprehensively addresses the study of the phylogeny and the evolution of fruit fly behavior. An international group of highly renowned scientists review the current state of knowledge and include considerable new findings on various aspects of fruit fly behavior, phylogeny and related subjects. In the past, the topics of phylogeny and evolution of behavior were barely addressed, and when so, often superficially. Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior is a definitive treatment, covering all behaviors in a broad range of tephritids. This volume is divided into eight sections: