Wind Stress Over the Ocean

Wind Stress Over the Ocean

Author: Ian S. F. Jones

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2001-09-24

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 0521662435

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A comprehensive 2001 volume for researchers and graduate students in oceanography, meteorology, fluid dynamics and coastal engineering.


Variation of the Drag Coefficient with Wind and Wave State

Variation of the Drag Coefficient with Wind and Wave State

Author: Beverly J. Byars

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13:

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The dissipation method is used to obtain estimates for the friction velocity U sub *, as well as values for the neutral drag coefficient, CDN, for data collected from a coastal tower off San Diego, California. C sub DN is found to be independent of the ten-meter height windspeed, U sub 10, for velocities between 4-9 m/sec. Its value is estimated to be (0.94 + or - 0.4)1000 which compares well with values by Smith (1980) and Large and Pond (1981). Definite trends in C sub DN with fetch and sea state are also observed. Drag coefficient estimates are found to be higher for short fetch than for long fetch conditions. C sub DN is also seen to increase sharply just before frontal passages and during sea breeze conditions when the waves are actively growing. With the windspeed and wave field reaching equilibrium, C sub DN is found to decrease with time to a smaller and more constant value. (Author).


Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound

Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound

Author: B.R. Kerman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 750

ISBN-13: 9401116261

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To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms. A meeting in Lerici, Italy in 1987 was convened within the NATO Advanced Research Workshop series, to bring together underwater acousticians and ocean hydrodynamicists to examine various mechanisms which generate sound naturally at the ocean surface. A record of that meeting was published in the NATO scientific publication series in 1988 under the title 'Sea Surface Sound'. That meeting was successful in inspiring and co ordinating both participants and non-attending colleagues to examine some key issues which were raised during the course of presentations and discussions. The understanding among those present was that another meeting should be convened 3 years hence to report and review progress in the subject. Accordingly the second conference was convened in Cambridge in 1990, whose proceedings are presented here. This volume represents a very gratifying increase in only a 3 year interval in our understanding of a number of physical processes which generate sound at the peripheries of oceans. In fact it represents both the acceleration of singular effort as well as the development of interdisciplinary sophistication and co-operation. The enthusiasm, goodwill, and intense scientific curiosity which characterized the Lerici meeting carried through to Cambridge. The collegial atmosphere established by the participants was perfectly timed to foster another major advance in studies of ocean surface sound.


Ice Mechanics for Geophysical and Civil Engineering Applications

Ice Mechanics for Geophysical and Civil Engineering Applications

Author: Ryszard Staroszczyk

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-29

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 3030030385

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This book presents the concepts and tools of ice mechanics, together with examples of their application in the fields of glaciology, climate research and civil engineering in cold regions. It starts with an account of the most important physical properties of sea and polar ice treated as an anisotropic polycrystalline material, and reviews relevant field observations and experimental measurements. The book focuses on theoretical descriptions of the material behaviour of ice in different stress, deformation and deformation-rate regimes on spatial scales ranging from single ice crystals, those typical in civil engineering applications, up to scales of thousands of kilometres, characteristic of large, grounded polar ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland. In addition, it offers a range of numerical formulations based on either discrete (finite-element, finite-difference and smoothed particle hydrodynamics) methods or asymptotic expansion methods, which have been used by geophysicists, theoretical glaciologists and civil engineers to simulate the behaviour of ice in a number of problems of importance to glaciology and civil engineering, and discusses the results of these simulations. The book is intended for scientists, engineers and graduate students interested in mathematical and numerical modelling of a wide variety of geophysical and civil engineering problems involving natural ice.


The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind

The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind

Author: Peter Janssen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2004-10-28

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 0521465400

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This book was published in 2004. The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind describes in detail the two-way interaction between wind and ocean waves and shows how ocean waves affect weather forecasting on timescales of 5 to 90 days. Winds generate ocean waves, but at the same time airflow is modified due to the loss of energy and momentum to the waves; thus, momentum loss from the atmosphere to the ocean depends on the state of the waves. This volume discusses ocean wave evolution according to the energy balance equation. An extensive overview of nonlinear transfer is given, and as a by-product the role of four-wave interactions in the generation of extreme events, such as freak waves, is discussed. Effects on ocean circulation are described. Coupled ocean-wave, atmosphere modelling gives improved weather and wave forecasts. This volume will interest ocean wave modellers, physicists and applied mathematicians, and engineers interested in shipping and coastal protection.


Ocean Ambient Noise

Ocean Ambient Noise

Author: William M. Carey

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-03-23

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 1441978321

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This monograph develops the theory of noise mechanisms and measurements, and describes general noise characteristics and computational methods. The vast ambient noise literature is concisely summarized using theory combined with key representative results. The air sea boundary interaction zone is described in terms of nondimensional variables requisite for future experiments. Noise field coherency, rare directional measurements, and unique basin scale computations and methods are presented. The use of satellite measurements in these basin scale models is demonstrated. A series of appendices provides in-depth mathematical treatments which will be of interest to graduate students and active researchers.


Middle Atmosphere Dynamics

Middle Atmosphere Dynamics

Author: David G. Andrews

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-07-21

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 0080954677

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For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.


Measuring and Understanding Coastal Processes

Measuring and Understanding Coastal Processes

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1989-02-01

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 0309041295

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Much of the U.S. coastline is rapidly changingâ€"mostly eroding. That fact places increasing pressure on the planners and managers responsible for coastal development and protection, and could have a direct effect on many of the 125 million Americans living within 50 miles of the coast who rely on its resources and beaches for their livelihood or recreation. Although rapid advances have been made in the measurement systems needed to understand and describe the forces and changes at work in the surf-zone environment, their potential for allowing more accurate and reliable planning and engineering responses has not been fully realized. This book assesses coastal data needs, instrumentation, and analyses, and recommends areas in which more information or better instrumentation is needed.