The roles of the Holy See and papal diplomacy vis-á-vis international organizations have a long and intricate story that spans centuries. Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace explores the encounter between the Holy See and the international order, from the establishment of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 through the pontificate of Pope Paul VI (1963-78)
The roles of the Holy See and papal diplomacy vis-à-vis international organizations have a long and intricate story that spans centuries. Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace explores the encounter between the Holy See and the international order, from the establishment of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 through the pontificate of Pope Paul VI (1963-78). Both Araujo and Lucal have worked for and represented the Holy See in the environment of the UN and, to a lesser extent, other international organizations. Consequently, their investigation is based on not only academic study of papal diplomacy and its relations with international organizations, but also participation in the activities of the Holy See within some of these organizations. They contend that while the Church and international organizations have distinctive goals and interests which can introduce strong differences on particular issues, they nonetheless share other perspectives such as the maintenance of international peace and security. The Holy See has expressed general approval of the UN, especially its initiatives aimed at "peaceful coexistence and collaboration between nations." At the same time the Holy See has not hesitated to state its morally grounded positions on pressing contemporary issues (e.g., family planning, abortion, human embryonic cloning, and family life) that have not always been congruent with those of temporal sovereigns and international organizations, including the UN. To date, Pope Pius XII's initial aspiration to join the UN has not been fulfilled, but the Holy See formalized its participation in the General Assembly of the United Nations in summer of 2004. In spite of occasional criticism by some segments of secular society, the interaction between the Holy See and the UN continues to exist and to be fruitful in a variety of contexts. Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace seeks to elucidate this encounter and dynamic by examining congruence and divergence on vital issues of great importance to both institutions, most especially the quest for peace and the protection of the dignity and legitimate interests of humanity. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Robert John Araujo, S.J., is the inaugural holder of John Courtney Murray, S.J., University Professorship at Loyola University of Chicago. A graduate of Georgetown University, Georgetown University Law School, Oxford University, and Columbia University School of Law, Fr. Araujo served as an officer in the U.S. military and was a U.S. government and corporate attorney before entering the Society of Jesus in 1986. He was a member of the law faculty at Gonzaga University from 1994-2005, becoming the Robert Bellarmine, S.J., University Professor in American and Public International Law. Subsequently, he was Ordinary Professor at the Pontifical Gregorian University (2005-2008), and has also been a visiting professor at Georgetown University Law Center, St. Louis University School of Law, and Boston College School of Law. In 2000-2001 he was the Stein Fellow at Fordham University Law School.Fr. Araujo is the author numerous law review articles on topics that include jurisprudence, public international law, Constitutional law, and Catholic legal theory. He has co-authored a series of books on papal diplomacy and international organizations with the late John A. Lucal, S.J. In addition, he has contributed chapters to a number of volumes addressing topics in jurisprudence and pubic international law. The late John A. Lucal, S.J., served in the U.S. Army and graduated from Georgetown University before entering the Society of Jesus in 1951. He was assistant editor of America from 1963 to 1967, and later served as advisor to the Vatican mission at the UN, General Secretary of the World Council of Churches Vatican Justice and Peace Commission (1976-80), and Counselor to the Director General for Socio-Religious Affairs.
In the days immediately following 9/11, Joseph Stowell attended a special Chicago Prayer Breakfast. He was encouraged to learn there was much interest in God and spirituality among the attendees. He was troubled, however, by the subtle implication common among the speakers that day that Jesus, with His exclusive claims, was unwelcome. That, “given the broad diversity of religions in America, we now need to give up the 'traditions' that divide those of us who believe in God. Stowell left the breakfast even more determined to preach the centrality of Christ in the church. Proclaiming Jesus is a collection of essays, written by faculty of the Moody Bible Institute in honor of Dr. Stowell, that take up the message he proclaimed, making it clear that every area of church life and ministry is about Jesus.
Now in its third edition, Tim Dowley's masterful one-volume survey of church history has an updated design and new content, particularly in the section covering most recent Christian history. The inviting full-color format includes many new images and updated maps, while maintaining many of the features that made the second edition a popular volume for the classroom. Dowley has assembled a global cast of respected scholars to write the full story of the rise of the Christian faith and to provide a rounded picture of the worldwide development of Christianity. The volume has been praised as accurate, scholarly, and balanced. Its writers are committed to Christianity but also to the unhindered pursuit of truth that does not avoid the darker aspects of the varied story of Christianity. The accessible text is supported by detailed timelines, maps, profiles of key figures in Christianity, colorful images, and a complete glossary. Each section includes questions for discussion.
The early modern Roman countryside was a site of contestation between great aristocratic families and an expanding papal political regime. Rarely has the role of the inhabitants of this landscape--the villagers--been considered as part of that power struggle. As Caroline Castiglione shows in this compelling revisionist work, one Roman aristocratic family, the Barberini, was not squeezed out of governing by the extension of the papal bureaucracy, but rather became increasingly engaged with it during the long eighteenth century. Through their participation in the rural commune, villagers in an extensive territory belonging to the Barberini became active participants in the governing of the countryside. Villagers cultivated and exploited interference from the aristocratic family and the papal government, but they also kept urban elites at bay, defending their rights through the strategies of adversarial literacy. Such literate practices drew on village mastery of local constitutions, debates in the village assembly, and brilliant use of the legal system of the papacy to thwart the designs of the Barberini. Later villagers created and interpreted sources for themselves, effectively challenging the elite monopoly on making and interpreting texts. A lost world of increasingly savvy villagers, irate nobles, and exasperated bureaucrats emerges here in an engaging narrative that chronicles how seemingly marginalized villagers challenged the pragmatic control of the Roman countryside, using texts and ideas that urban elites had exported to the countryside for other purposes.
The pathbreaking work that founded the field of trauma studies. In Unclaimed Experience, Cathy Caruth proposes that in the widespread and bewildering experience of trauma in our century—both in its occurrence and in our attempt to understand it—we can recognize the possibility of a history no longer based on simple models of straightforward experience and reference. Through the notion of trauma, she contends, we come to a new understanding that permits history to arise where immediate understanding may not. Caruth explores the ways in which the texts of psychoanalysis, literature, and literary theory both speak about and speak through the profound story of traumatic experience. Rather than straightforwardly describing actual case studies of trauma survivors, or attempting to elucidate directly the psychiatry of trauma, she examines the complex ways that knowing and not knowing are entangled in the language of trauma and in the stories associated with it. Caruth’s wide-ranging discussion touches on Freud’s theory of trauma as outlined in Moses and Monotheism and Beyond the Pleasure Principle. She traces the notion of reference and the figure of the falling body in de Man, Kleist, and Kant; the narratives of personal catastrophe in Hiroshima mon amour; and the traumatic address in Lecompte’s reinterpretation of Freud’s narrative of the dream of the burning child. In this twentieth-anniversary edition of her now classic text, a substantial new afterword addresses major questions and controversies surrounding trauma theory that have arisen over the past two decades. Caruth offers innovative insights into the inherent connection between individual and collective trauma, on the importance of the political and ethical dimensions of the theory of trauma, and on the crucial place of literature in the theoretical articulation of the very concept of trauma. Her afterword serves as a decisive intervention in the ongoing discussions in and about the field.
Criticism of the way in which Europeans have treated the inhabitants of the non-European world in the course of European expansion has a long history, Three centuries before Christopher Columbus encountered the American Indians, European intellectuals and clergymen had criticized the treatment of the peoples whom the crusaders and other Europeans met as they moved outward from the heartland of European civilization. The connection between the sixteenth-century Spanish writers who criticized the Spanish conquest of the Americas and medieval writers who criticized the behavior of Europeans toward the non-Europeans they encountered on their borders, is more familiar. Yet, their criticism referred back to medieval legal traditions and arguments about the rights of infidels in the face of European expansion. However, it is the increased recognition of the importance of this connection that has inspired much new research in the field of medieval canon law. The most important theorist of what we now call "race relations", in the Middle Ages, was Sinibaldo Fieschi, a distinguished canon-lawyer, who became Pope Innocent IV (1243-54), whose pontificate is the starting point of this study. As a working canon-lawyer and pope, Innocent's work provides an unusual insight into the whole development of Christian-infidel relations, for his work covers those who lived within Christian Europe, those who were recent converts to Christianity, and those who lived beyond the bounds of Christendom. As pope he initiated the Mongol mission, the first attempt to deal with the Mongol threat to Eastern Europe on a diplomatic level, and to convert the Mongols to Christianity. As a lawyer he was also the author of a commentary on the nature of a just war that became the basis for all future discussion of the rights of infidels who lived in the path of European expansion. A wide knowledge of both legal theory and papal practice blended in a single career and it was this union of these two traditions that formed the intellectual background of Vitoria and Las Casas, and the eminent critics who followed them. This is the first complete study of this subject, based upon a careful analysis of papal and legal sources. Papal sources included letters found in papal registers, including the unpublished Vatican Register 62 which contains only letters dealing with the problems raised by infidel societies. The legal sources include commentaries on the basic texts of canon law that bear on the status of infidels, as well as legal opinions written to deal with specific problems involving Christian-infidel relations. Although directed to specialists and students of this period, this work, original in concept and exceptionally well-written, is sure to find a far wider audience. The whole subject is important, and topical too, in view of the current interest in racism and race relations, itself the subject of the author's Appendix.
"Symbols as Power" concentrates on the papacy from the end of the Investiture Contest in 1122 until the re-establishment of the Roman Senate in 1143. By combining an investigation of such media as art, architecture, and liturgy with written sources it helps to illuminate the ideology and the policies of the individual popes relating to the church, the empire, and the city of Rome.
The Vatican Conspiracy: Intrigue in St. Peter’s Square tells the untold story of the secret Vatican-US connection from World War II to the 1980s under President Reagan. You will learn a little-known story of an American military officer who was killed (some say by his own men) in Italy during the war, culminating in a congressional investigation when the war ended. You will learn of James Angleton’s work as an American spy in Italy during the war and his relationship with the Church, and how the OSS infiltrated agents into the Vatican to aid the efforts to oust Hitler. Kross then goes extensively into the so-called Rat Line which allowed Nazi leaders like Josef Mengele, Klaus Barbie and Adolf Eichmann to escape to South America with the help of the US. The book covers Operation Paperclip and Operation Safehaven in which Switzerland laundered money form Germany in order to pay that nation’s cost of the war. The final chapters delve into the most recent intrigues in the Vatican, including the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II in Rome and who might have been behind it (the Soviet Union or Bulgaria), and the mysterious death of Pope John Paul I in Rome, who died after serving only 33 days in office. Also covered is the Vatican Bank scandal involving Roberto Calvi and an American Bishop named Paul Marcinkus. The final chapter involves the murders of two Swiss Guardsmen by one of their own men. This is a tale that most readers of history do not know, but one that must be told. History is never what it seems to be, not cut and dried, not exactly what we were led to believe.
A captivating insider’s guide to the politics and personalities that will have a tremendous impact on one of the world’s most secretive and important events–the election of a pope. The next time a conclave unfolds in Rome, some 6,000 journalists are expected to descend on the Eternal City to cover the death of John Paul II and report on the election of his successor. The man in white who emerges from the Sistine Chapel at its conclusion will automatically become one of the most important figures on earth, a leader who commands a unique combination of political and spiritual power. Depending on how he chooses to exercise that power, governments and political systems may rise or fall, religious wars may heat up or abate, and the Church may undergo a radical transformation–from changes in its stances on such issues as sexuality, the place of women in the Church, to the role of the papacy itself. Conclave is a fascinating look at the election process and at what this headline-making occasion will mean to the world. John L. Allen, Jr., takes readers behind the scenes to reveal the issues, parties, and people most likely to determine the outcome. Setting the election within a broader context, he explains why it matters who becomes pope, discusses their role in the modern world, and examines the issues that will form the agenda of the next papacy. Although the book is not intended as a “handicapper’s guide,” Allen does offer his own informed list of the “top twenty” contenders for the position. He creates, as well, a classification system that clarifies the differences among the informal political parties that exist within the College of Cardinals, the body of 130-plus men who will elect John Paul II’s successor. In conclusion, he presents a critical, independent-minded profile of each of those cardinals–for one of them will certainly be the new pope.
