The P53 Protein
The P53 Protein

Author: Guillermina Lozano

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781621821335

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Decades of research on the tumor suppressor p53 have revealed that it plays a significant role as a "guardian of the genome," protecting cells against genotoxic stress. In recent years, p53 research has begun to move into the clinic in attempts to understand how p53 is frequently inactivated in-and sometimes even promotes-human cancer. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine covers the rapid progress that has recently been made in basic and clinical research on p53. The contributors review new observations about its basic biology, providing updates on the functions of its isoforms and domains, the myriad stresses and signals that trigger its activation or repression, and its downstream effects on genome stability and the cell cycle that enforce tumor suppression in different cell and tissue types. They also discuss how p53 dysfunction contributes to cancer, exploring the various inherited and somatic mutations in the human TP53 gene, the impact of mutant p53 proteins on tumorigenesis, and the prognostic value and clinical outcomes of these mutations. Drugs that are being developed to respond to tumors harboring aberrant p53 are also described. This book is therefore essential reading for all cancer biologists, cell and molecular biologists, and pharmacologists concerned with the treatment of this disease.

The P53 Family
The P53 Family

Author: Arnold Jay Levine

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780879698300

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This volume offers a comprehensive review of the functions of the p53 family. The contributors examine the normal roles of these transcription factors, their evolution, the regulatory mechanisms that control p53 activity, and the part played by p53 mutations in tumorigenesis.

SV40 Protocols
SV40 Protocols

Author: Leda Raptis

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-02

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1592591175

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Simian virus 40 gained notoriety in the 1960s because it was found to be a contaminant of polio and adenovirus vaccines that had been administered to millions of healthy individuals worldwide. The public health implications of this revelation provided the initial impetus for an in-depth study of SV40 biology. Later work showed that SV40 DNA sequences as well as infectious virus are in fact found in human tumors and may have contributed to oncog- esis. It also turned out that SV40 uses mostly cellular machinery to carry out many steps in viral infection, which makes it a powerful probe for examining many fundamental questions in eukaryotic molecular biology. SV40 Pro- cols consolidates a number of well-tested step-by-step techniques in one v- ume; experts with hands-on experience in particular methods give detailed accounts of their optimized experimental protocols, so that the beginner, as well as more experienced researchers, may readily overcome problems of ambiguity often present in the literature. As with other DNA tumor viruses, the response of cultured cells to SV40 infection depends upon the species being infected. Monkey cells s- port virus production, which leads to their death, whereas rodent cells p- duce only the early proteins and acquire a transformed phenotype. Thus, SV40 Protocols is organized in two sections. The first relates to assays of the lytic cycle of the virus, and the second deals with transformation.

Whole-body MRI Screening
Whole-body MRI Screening

Author: Ralf Puls

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-07-21

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 3642552013

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The daily analysis of whole-body MRI datasets uncovers many incidental findings, which are discussed by an interdisciplinary advisory board of physicians. This book provides a systematic overview of these incidental findings with the aid of approximately 240 high-quality images. The radiologists involved in the project have written chapters on each organ system, presenting a structured compilation of the most common findings, their morphologic appearances on whole-body MRI, and guidance on their clinical management. Chapters on technical and ethical issues are also included. It is hoped that this book will assist other diagnosticians in deciding how to handle the most common incidental findings encountered when performing whole-body MRI.

Cell Cycle Checkpoint Control Protocols
Cell Cycle Checkpoint Control Protocols

Author: Howard B. Lieberman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-02

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 1592596460

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The field of cell cycle regulation is based on the observation that the life cycle of a cell progresses through several distinct phases, G1, M, S, and G2, occurring in a well-defined temporal order. Details of the mechanisms involved are rapidly emerging and appear extraordinarily complex. Furthermore, not only is the order of the phases important, but in normal eukaryotic cells one phase will not begin unless the prior phase is completed successfully. Che- point control mechanisms are essentially surveillance systems that monitor the events in each phase, and assure that the cell does not progress prematurely to the next phase. If conditions are such that the cell is not ready to progress—for example, because of incomplete DNA replication in S or DNA damage that may interfere with chromosome segregation in M—a transient delay in cell cycle progression will occur. Once the inducing event is properly handled— for example, DNA replication is no longer blocked or damaged DNA is repaired—cell cycle progression continues. Checkpoint controls have recently been the focus of intense study by investigators interested in mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. Furthermore, the relationship between checkpoint c- trol and carcinogenesis has additionally enhanced interest in these cell cycle regulatory pathways. It is clear that cancer cells often lack these checkpoints and exhibit genomic instability as a result. Moreover, several tumor suppressor genes participate in checkpoint control, and alterations in these genes are as- ciated with genomic instability as well as the development of cancer.

The Nucleosome
The Nucleosome

Author: A.P. Wolffe

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1996-01-08

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 0080537847

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This is the first in a series of volumes concerning the properties of the eukaryotic nucleus. Contributions from several of the most active laboratories are brought together to present a focused overview of a selected aspect of nuclear structure and function.

Molecular Toxicology Protocols
Molecular Toxicology Protocols

Author: Phouthone Keohavong

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-03

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 1592598404

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A collection of cutting-edge techniques for analyzing genotoxic exposure and detecting the resulting biological effects-including endogenous metabolites-up to and including the development of cancer. The authors emphasize analytical methods that can be specifically applied to human populations and patients. Among the applications detailed are the analysis of interactions between such cellular macromolecules as DNA and proteins and chemical and physical agents, the assessment of medically relevant toxicity, and the characterization of genetic alterations induced in transgenic animals by in vivo systems. There are also methods for the analysis of genotoxic exposure during gene expression, of cytotoxicity caused by the induction of apoptosis, of genetic alterations in reporter genes and oncogenes, early (premalignant) detection of altered oncogenes, and of individual variation in biotransformation and DNA repair capacity.

Handbook of Immunohistochemistry and in Situ Hybridization of Human Carcinomas
Handbook of Immunohistochemistry and in Situ Hybridization of Human Carcinomas

Author: M. A. Hayat

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2004-06-16

Total Pages: 593

ISBN-13: 0080495192

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The various cell types have traditionally been recognized and classified according to their appearance in the light microscope following the process of fixing, processing, sectioning, and staining tissues that is known as histology. Classical histology has been augmented by immunohistochemistry (the use of specific antibodies to stain particular molecular species in situ). Immunohistochemistry has allowed the identification of many more cell types than could be visualized by classical histology, particularly in the immune system and among the scattered hormone-secreting cells of the endocrine system. Handbook of Immunohistochemistry and in Situ Hybridization of Human Carcinomas discusses all aspects of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization technologies and the important role they play in reaching a cancer diagnosis. It provides step-by-step instructions on the methods of additional molecular technologies such as DNA microarrays, and microdissection, along with the benefits and limitations of each method. The topics of region-specific gene expression, its role in cancer development and the techniques that assist in the understanding of the molecular basis of disease are relevant and necessary in science today, ensuring a wide audience for this book. - The only book available that translates molecular genetics into cancer diagnosis - Provides the readers with tools necessary to perform and optimize sensitive, powerful techniques, including immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, used in tumor diagnosis - Written by experts in this field, the book provides theoretical considerations as well as practical approaches to carry out effectively these techniques - Offers suggestions, tips, cautions, and guidelines to avoid artifacts and misdiagnosis - Introduces new techniques to detect genes and proteins involved in the initiation and progression of cancer - Covers the latest developments and a wide range of applications to the detection of antigens and single-copy DNA and RNA - Written in a uniform format, each chapter includes Introduction, Materials required, step-by-step detailed Methods, Results, Discussion, and comprehensive up-to-date References

Differential Display Methods and Protocols
Differential Display Methods and Protocols

Author: Peng Liang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-04

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 1592599680

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Since the first edition of this book dedicated to differential display (DD) technology was published in 1997, we have witnessed an explosive interest in studying differential gene expression. The gene-hunting euphoria was initially powered by the invention of DD, which was gradually overtaken by DNA microarray technology in recent years. Then why is there still the need for second edition of this DD book? First of all, DD still enjoys a substantial lead over DNA microarrays in the ISI citation data (see Table 1), despite the h- dreds of millions of dollars spent each year on arrays. This may come as a surprise to many, but to us it implies that many of the DNA microarray studies went unpublished owing to their unfulfilled promises (1). Second, unlike DNA microarrays, DD is an “open”-ended gene discovery method that does not depend on prior genome sequence information of the organism being studied. As such, DD is applicable to the study of all living organisms—from bacteria, fungi, insects, fish, plants, to mammals—even when their genomes are not sequenced. Second, DD is more accessible technically and financially to most cost-conscious “cottage-industry” academic laboratories. So clearly DD still has its unique place in the modern molecular biological toolbox for gene expression analysis.

Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols
Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols

Author: Kursad Turksen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-04

Total Pages: 504

ISBN-13: 1597450375

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Now in two volumes, this completely updated and expanded edition of Embryonic Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the manipulation of nonhuman embryonic stem cells. Volume one, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Isolation and Characterization, Second Edition, provides a diverse collection of readily reproducible cellular and molecular protocols for the isolation, maintenance, and characterization of embryonic stem cells. The second volume, Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols: Differentiation Models, Second Edition, covers state-of-the-art methods for deriving many types of differentiating cells from ES cells. Together, the two volumes illuminate for both novices and experts our current understanding of the biology of embryonic stem cells and their utility in normal tissue homeostasis and regenerative medicine applications.