The fifth edition of The Criminal Process continues in the tradition of previous editions in providing an insightful and stimulating analysis of the key issues in criminal processes and procedures. The authors draw on arguments from the law, research, policy, and principle, to present an authoritative overview of this area of study. This edition includes a new chapter on the interface between criminal and civil (preventive) justice, and the addition of questions for discussion and suggested readings at the end of each chapter to facilitate debate and further research.
This handbook provides a holistic and comprehensive examination of issues related to criminal justice reform in the United States from a multidisciplinary perspective. Divided into five key domains of reform in the criminal justice system, it analyzes: - Policing - Policy and sentencing - Reentry - Treatment - Alternatives to incarceration Each section provides a history and overview of the domain within the criminal justice system, followed by chapters discussing issues integral to reform. The volume emphasizes decreasing incarceration and minimizing racial, ethnic and economic inequalities. Each section ends with tangible recommendations, based on evidence-based approaches for reform. Of interest to researchers, scholars, activists and policy makers, this unique volume offers a pathway for the future of criminal justice reform in the United States.
The present handbook offers, in a quick reference format, an overview of key considerations in the implementation of participatory responses to crime based on a restorative justice approach. Its focus is on a range of measures and programmes, inspired by restorative justice values, that are flexible in their adaptation to criminal justice systems and that complement them while taking into account varying legal, social and cultural circumstances. It was prepared for the use of criminal justice officials, non-governmental organizations and community groups who are working together to improve current responses to crime and conflict in their community
This Green Paper sets out plans for fundamental changes to the criminal justice system and addresses the three priorities of punishing offenders, protecting the public and reducing reoffending. It seeks to set out an intelligent sentencing framework, coupled with more effective rehabilitation. Despite a 50% increase in the budget for prisons and managing offenders in the last ten years, almost half of all adult offenders released from custody reoffend within a year as well as 75% of youth custody offenders. These proposed reforms will seek to make prisons places of hard work and industry. There will be a greater use of strenuous, unpaid work as part of a community sentence alongside tagging and curfews. There will also be a greater focus on the enforcement and collection of fines, and a much stronger emphasis on compensation for victims of crime. Six new rehabilitation programmes will be piloted on a payment by results basis. Treatment rather than prison will be the option for the less serious offenders with mental illness and drug dependency. The proposals also seek to introduce more straightforward sentencing alongside greater transparency from the courts. The publication is divided into seven chapters, covering the following areas: punishment and payback; rehabilitating offenders to reduce crime; payment by results; sentencing reform; youth justice and working with communities to reduce crime, along with two annexes.
A youth conditional caution allows an authorised person (usually a police officer) or a relevant prosecutor (usually a member of the CPS) to decide to give a caution with one or more conditions attached. When a young person, aged between 10 and 17 years old inclusive, is given a conditional caution for an offence, criminal proceedings for that offence are halted while the young person is given an opportunity to comply with the conditions. Where the conditions are complied with, the prosecution is not normally commenced. However, where there is no reasonable excuse for non-compliance, criminal proceedings may be commenced for the original offence and the conditional caution will cease to have effect. Youth conditional cautions provide an opportunity, in appropriate cases, to achieve an early, positive response for those young people who are willing to admit their offending. This Code of Practice governs the use of youth conditional cautions
This book challenges the traditional idea that policing is the first stage in a criminal justice process, in which the police use their powers of criminal investigation to feed cases into the legal process for authoritative legal resolution. The author argues that the political space allowed to the police on the streets and in the police station allows them to pursue a different agenda of social discipline, targeted at certain sections of the community. This alternative perspective provides new sociological insights into the use of police powers in modern society. The book examines the fairness of police processes by using empirical data to analyse the impact that such powers have on the lives of those who regularly become the objects of police attention.
This report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice -- established by President Lyndon Johnson on July 23, 1965 -- addresses the causes of crime and delinquency and recommends how to prevent crime and delinquency and improve law enforcement and the administration of criminal justice. In developing its findings and recommendations, the Commission held three national conferences, conducted five national surveys, held hundreds of meetings, and interviewed tens of thousands of individuals. Separate chapters of this report discuss crime in America, juvenile delinquency, the police, the courts, corrections, organized crime, narcotics and drug abuse, drunkenness offenses, gun control, science and technology, and research as an instrument for reform. Significant data were generated by the Commission's National Survey of Criminal Victims, the first of its kind conducted on such a scope. The survey found that not only do Americans experience far more crime than they report to the police, but they talk about crime and the reports of crime engender such fear among citizens that the basic quality of life of many Americans has eroded. The core conclusion of the Commission, however, is that a significant reduction in crime can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations (some 200) are implemented. The recommendations call for a cooperative attack on crime by the Federal Government, the States, the counties, the cities, civic organizations, religious institutions, business groups, and individual citizens. They propose basic changes in the operations of police, schools, prosecutors, employment agencies, defenders, social workers, prisons, housing authorities, and probation and parole officers.
This reprint of the classic work, originally published by the UK Home Office, Information & Publications Group in 1999, is produced by Coventry Lord Mayor's Committee for Peace and Reconciliation on behalf of the Coventry Restorative Justice Forum. We work to inform the public about Restorative Justice, to encourage its practice within schools and other organisations, to ensure that it is delivered to a consistent standard across the city so that Coventry will become a Restorative Justice City.
