Tourism and Poverty Reduction

Tourism and Poverty Reduction

Author: Anna Spenceley

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-10-02

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 1317387015

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Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of publications that have analysed and critiqued the potential of tourism to be a mechanism for poverty reduction in less economically developed countries (LEDCs). This book showcases work by established and emerging researchers that provides new thinking and tests previously made assumptions, providing an essential guide for students, practitioners and academics. This book advances our understanding of the changes and ways forward in the field of sustainable tourism development. Five main themes are illustrated throughout the book: (1) measuring impacts of tourism on poverty; (2) the need to evaluate whether interventions that aim to reduce poverty are effective; (3) how unbalanced power relations and weak governance can undermine efforts; (4) the importance of the private sector’s use of pro-poor business practices; and (5) the value of using multidisciplinary and multi-method research approaches. Furthermore, the book shows that academic research findings can be used practically in destinations, and how practitioners can benefit from sharing their experiences with academic scholars. This book was based on a special issue and various articles from the Journal of Sustainable Tourism.


Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa

Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa

Author: René van der Duim

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-11-16

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 9401795290

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This book presents an overview of different institutional arrangements for tourism, biodiversity conservation and rural poverty reduction in eastern and southern Africa. These approaches range from conservancies in Namibia, community-based organizations in Botswana, conservation enterprises in Kenya, private game reserves in South Africa, to sport hunting in Uganda and transfrontier conservation areas. The book presents a comparative analysis of these arrangements and highlights that most arrangements emerged in the 1990s through either a decentralized or centralized change trajectory that was sponsored by donors. They aim to address some of the challenges of the ‘fortress’ types of conservation by combining principles of community-based natural resource management with a neoliberal approach to conservation, evident in the use of tourism as the main mechanism for accruing benefits from wildlife. The book illustrates the empirical relevance of these novel arrangements by presenting their growth in numbers and discuss how these arrangements differ in their form. With respect to the conservation and development impacts of these arrangements, we show that they have secured large amounts of land for conservation, but also generated governance challenges and disputes on tourism benefit sharing, affecting the stability of these arrangements to generate socioeconomic and conservation benefits.


Between Resistance and Expansion

Between Resistance and Expansion

Author: Peter Probst

Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13: 9783825869809

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Be it the vitality of African popular culture, the vitality of religious ideas or the vitality of artistic forms of expressions - invoking the notion of vitality has become a common practice in Africanist discourses. Most often, the purpose of invoking this notion is to emphasize the unexpected and astonishing power and strength of certain cultural fields in Africa. But what is really meant with the notion of local vitality beyond its metaphorical usage, beyond the underrated and unforeseen? The present volume brings together a number of essays exploring the answers to these questions from different perspectives and disciplines. Based upon an international conference on Local Vitality and the Globalization of the Local organized by the Humanities Collaborative Research Centre at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, the contributions discuss the various dimensions of vitality in the context of debates about identity and self-assertion, locality and appropriation, and rivalry and resista


Ecotourism in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ecotourism in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Kenneth Backman

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2017-07-14

Total Pages: 221

ISBN-13: 1351793322

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Since its first mention in the academic literature, ecotourism has been endorsed by NGOs and governments as the most environmentally sound and locally beneficial method of tourist development. Over the last thirty years sub-Saharan Africa has adopted ecotourism as the primary focus for tourism development; research into this has demonstrated mixed results. In this publication, we seek to explore the actual outcomes for African countries that have developed their tourism policy around the principals and values of ecotourism. The sheer scope and magnitude of the task means that a complete evaluation of ecotourism in Africa is impossible. Instead, included here are spot assessments of various aspects of ecotourism related to conservation, policy development, environment, governance, community and indigenous peoples in southern Africa. The studies cover a wide array of countries, including Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ghana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Though this is only the beginning of a needed long term evaluation of the positives and negatives of ecotourism, it provides a starting point from which to move forward. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Ecotourism.


The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment

The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment

Author: Andrew Holden

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 626

ISBN-13: 0415582075

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This handbook explores and critically evaluates the debates and controversies inherent to tourism's relationship with nature, especially pertinent at a time of major re-evaluation of our relationship with the environment as a consequence of the environmental problems we now face.


Indigenous Tourism

Indigenous Tourism

Author: Michelle Aicken

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2010-02-17

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1136395989

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In a world characterized by an encroaching homogeneity induced by the growth of multi-national corporations and globalization, the causes of difference accrue new levels of importance. This is as true of tourism as in many other spheres of life – and one cause of differentiation for tourism promotion is the culture of Indigenous Peoples. This offers opportunities for cultural renaissance, income generation and enhanced political empowerment, but equally there are possible costs of creating commodities out of aspects of life that previously possessed spiritual meaning. This book examines these issues from many different perspectives; from those of product design and enhancement; of the aspirations of various minority groupings; and the patterns of displacements that occur – displacements that are not simply spatial but also social and cultural. How can these changes be managed? Case studies and analysis is offered, derived from many parts of the globe including North America, Asia and Australasia. The contributors themselves have, in many instances, worked closely with groups and organizations of Indigenous Peoples and attempt to give voice to their concerns. The book is divided into various themes, each with a separate introduction and commentary. The themes are Visitor Experiences, Who manages Indigenous Cultural Tourism Product, Events and Artifacts, Conceptualisation and Aspiration. In a short final section the silences are noted – each silence representing a potential challenge for future research to build upon the notions and lessons reported in the book. The book is edited by Professor Chris Ryan from New Zealand, and Michelle Aicken of Horwath Asia Pacific.


Front and Back Stage of Tourism Performance

Front and Back Stage of Tourism Performance

Author: Frances Riemer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-01-22

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 0429792174

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Front and Back Stage of Tourism Performance situates our travel imaginaries, those dream destinations on our travel bucket lists, as co-constructed by the tourist industry, state development policies, and community negotiations, and as framed by modernity’s new global cultural economy. As more people travel for pleasure than ever before, host communities and intermediaries are presented with tourism opportunities that all too often become flashpoints for local contestation and mechanisms for displacement. The ethnographically-grounded chapters describe tourist encounters shaped by geopolitics, complicated by war, and troubled by and enacted within the economic inequities of neocolonialism. The points of contact afford a unique vantage from which to view cultural identity, entrepreneurial strategizing, and natural resource management as global politics and relations of difference. They also illustrate the power of social networks, cultural display, and artistic performance as collective presentation, management apparatus, and structural critique. Drawing on a range of international case studies, this book will appeal to those interested in tourism, anthropology, global studies, environmental issues, microeconomics, and identity studies.