Modern Control Engineering focuses on the methodologies, principles, approaches, and technologies employed in modern control engineering, including dynamic programming, boundary iterations, and linear state equations. The publication fist ponders on state representation of dynamical systems and finite dimensional optimization. Discussions focus on optimal control of dynamical discrete-time systems, parameterization of dynamical control problems, conjugate direction methods, convexity and sufficiency, linear state equations, transition matrix, and stability of discrete-time linear systems. The text then tackles infinite dimensional optimization, including computations with inequality constraints, gradient method in function space, quasilinearization, computation of optimal control-direct and indirect methods, and boundary iterations. The book takes a look at dynamic programming and introductory stochastic estimation and control. Topics include deterministic multivariable observers, stochastic feedback control, stochastic linear-quadratic control problem, general calculation of optimal control by dynamic programming, and results for linear multivariable digital control systems. The publication is a dependable reference material for engineers and researchers wanting to explore modern control engineering.
This book equips a reader with knowledge necessary for critical analysis of innovations in electric arc furnaces and helps to select the most effective ones and for their successful implementation. The book also covers general issues related to history of development, current state and prospects of steelmaking in Electric Arc Furnaces. Therefore, it can be useful for everybody who studies metallurgy, including students of colleges and universities. The modern concepts of mechanisms of Arc Furnace processes are discussed in the book at the level sufficient to solve practical problems: To help readers lacking knowledge required in the field of heat transfer as well as hydro-gas dynamics, it contains several chapters which provide the required minimum of information in these fields of science. In order to better assess different innovations, the book describes experience of the application of similar innovations in open-hearth furnaces and oxygen converters. Some promising ideas on key issues regarding intensification of the heat, which are of interest for developers of new processes and equipment for Electric Arc Furnaces, are also the concern of the book It should be noted, that carrying out the simplified calculations as distinct from using "off the shelf" programs greatly promotes comprehensive understanding of physical basics of processes and effects produced by various factors. This book gives numerous examples of such calculations performed by means of simplified methods and formulas. Getting familiar with material in this book will allow the reader to perform required calculations on his / her own without any difficulties.
The importance of electric arc furnace steelmaking is evident from the escalated world production seen in steel industry. This book presents systematic and complete details on the current state of knowledge about metallurgical processes carried out in the electric arc furnace. It includes principles of construction of electric arc furnaces, applied construction solutions, and their operations (together with auxiliary/supportive devices). Modern technologies of melting of various grades steel are detailed, considering the participation of secondary metallurgy including theoretical backgrounds of chemical processes and reactions. It contains theoretical analysis and results of laboratory, model, and industrial tests. Features: Covers the practical aspects of electric arc furnace steelmaking including technological process. Discusses the operation issues of an electric arc furnace in a technical and technological context. Presents a systematic and complete knowledge about relevant construction solutions and metallurgical processes. Includes practical industrial benchmark indicators in the scope of equipment and technology. Analyses practical case studies from industry. This book aims at researchers, professionals and graduate students in Metallurgical Engineering, Materials Science, Electric Power Supply, Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction strives to integrate the theory, research, and practice of slag utilization, including the production and processing of slags. The topics covered include: production and smelting processes for metals; chemical and physical properties of slags; pretreatment and post-treatment technology to enhance slag properties; potential environmental impact; mechanisms of potential expansion; special testing methods and characteristics; slag processing for aggregate and cementitious applications; suitability of slags for use in specific applications; overall properties of materials containing slags; and commercialization and economics. The focus of the book is on slag utilization technology, with a review of the basic properties and an exploration of how its use in the end product will be technically sound, environment-friendly, and economic. - Covers the production, processing, and utilization of a broad range of ferrous, non-ferrous, and non-metallurgical slags - Provides information on applicable methods for a particular slag and its utilization to reduce potential environmental impacts and promote natural resource sustainability - Presents the overall technology of transferring a slag from the waste stream into a useful materials resource - Provides a detailed review of the appropriate utilization of each slag from processing right through to aggregate and cementitious use requirements
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large scale energy and metallurgy production. Industrial pollution hurts the environment in a range of ways, and it has a negative impact on human lives and health. Pollutants can kill animals and plants, imbalance ecosystems, degrade air quality radically, damage buildings, and generally degrade quality of life. India is a home to many industries. The sectors include Iron and Steel, Pulp and Paper, Food Processing, Chemicals, Aluminium Industry, Cement, Pharmaceuticals, Machine tools, Surface finishing Industries etc. However, the industrial growth happening at a breakneck speed has resulted in a significant contribution to the toxicity in the environment. Therefore industrial activities should comply with regulatory norms for prevention and control of pollution. There have been many guidelines for the industries and the pollution caused by them. The setup and implementation of these guidelines is a joint responsibility of the central and state governments along with the Central Pollution Control Board to curb such emissions. At present, the control of pollution from industrial installations remains a key issue in India. As urbanisation expands and cities grow the need to deal with the environmental impact becomes even more important to ensure sustainable development. This also entails handling increasing volumes of waste water. Efficient wastewater management exploiting the capacity optimally requires a thorough understanding of the pollutions sources origin and substance. Hence pollution sources must be mapped and identified. 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You know you want to start a business, but what do you do next? Here's how to find the perfect idea for your business. Today we find several young people, college students, housewives who are aspire to earn money by starting small business and are always looking for business ideas with low cost. Some people belief that starting a business needs large amount of investment but this is not true for every type of business. In fact, there are many types of small businesses that are not only relatively inexpensive to start, but also have the potential to produce significant profits. Startup India Stand up Our Prime Minister unveiled a 19-point action plan for start-up enterprises in India. Highlighting the importance of the Standup India Scheme, Hon’ble Prime minister said that the job seeker has to become a job creator. Prime Minister announced that the initiative envisages loans to at least two aspiring entrepreneurs from the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Women categories. 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Contributed articles presented in the International Conference on Advances in the Theory of Ironmaking and Steelmaking; organized by the Dept. of Material Engineering, IISc., Bangalore.
