Optical Spectroscopy of Glasses

Optical Spectroscopy of Glasses

Author: I. Zschokke

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 9400946503

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During the last fifteen years the field of the investigation of glasses has experienced a period of extremely rapid growth, both in the development of new theoretical ap proaches and in the application of new experimental techniques. After these years of intensive experimental and theoretical work our understanding of the structure of glasses and their intrinsic properties has greatly improved. In glasses we are con fronted with the full complexity of a disordered medium. The glassy state is characterised not only by the absence of any long-range order; in addition, a glass is in a non-equilibrium state and relaxation processes occur on widely different time scales even at low temperatures. Therefore it is not surprising that these complex and novel physical properties have provided a strong stimulus for work on glasses and amorphous systems. The strikingly different properties of glasses and of crystalline solids, e. g. the low temperature behaviour of the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity, are based on characteristic degrees of freedom described by the so-called two-level systems. The random potential of an amorphous solid can be represented by an ensemble of asymmetric double minimum potentials. This ensemble gives rise to a new class of low-lying excitations unique to glasses. These low-energy modes arise from tunneling through a potential barrier of an atom or molecule between the two minima of a double-well.


Optical Constants of Inorganic Glasses

Optical Constants of Inorganic Glasses

Author: Andrei M. Efimov

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-01-29

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1000722007

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This book is devoted to the problem of the frequency dispersion of optical constants of inorganic glasses. It is the only source providing a comprehensive discussion of this topic on a unified physical and analytical basis. Optical Constants of Inorganic Glasses presents thorough descriptions of the underlying physical phenomena, analytical models for the optical constants dispersion, and detailed information on the optical constants and related optical characteristics of glasses. The broad scope of the book includes such topics as general relationships for the response of a solid to the effect of an electromagnetic field, and specific features of optical spectrum formation for a glass and the resulting constants. The text details methods for reconstructing the spectra of optical constants from raw experimental spectra of glasses, and provides data on the spectra of optical constants in the IR and VUV ranges and on the IR band parameters for inorganic glasses. It includes factors responsible for the behavior of the refractive index dispersion of glasses in the transparency range. The reference fully details the opportunities provided by the recent version of dispersion analysis for glasses based on the specific analytical model for the complex dielectric constant. Until now, this information was only available in Russian journals. A large quantity of never-before-published data on numerical values of optical constants in the medium and far IR and of IR band frequencies and intensities is given for a wide variety of inorganic glasses. For vitreous silica, data on the optical constants are also given for the broad wavelength range in the VUV. Optical Constants of Inorganic Glasses provides the only comprehensive review of available dispersion formulas and methods for interpolating and extrapolating the refractive indices of glasses in the transparency range. The volume is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners in the fields of glass technology


Modern Glass Characterization

Modern Glass Characterization

Author: Mario Affatigato

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-10-05

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 1118230868

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The book consists of a series of edited chapters, each written by an expert in the field and focusing on a particular characterization technique as applied to glass. The book covers a variety of techniques ranging from the very common (like Raman and FTIR) to the most recent (and less well known) ones, like SEM for structural analysis and photoelastic measurements. The level of the chapters make it suitable for researchers and for graduate students about to start their research work. It will also: discuss the technique itself, background, nuances when it comes to looking at glassy materials, interpretation of results, case studies, and recent and near-future innovations Fill a widening gap in modern techniques for glass characterization Provide much needed updates on the multiple essential characterization techniques


Photonic Glasses

Photonic Glasses

Author: Fuxi Gan

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 460

ISBN-13: 9812568204

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This book introduces the fundamental mechanism of photonic glasses - the linear and nonliner optical effects in glass under intense light irradiation: photo-induced absorption, refraction, polarization, frequency, coherence and monochromaticity changes. Emphasis is placed on new developments in the structure, spectroscopy and physics of new glassy materials for photonics applications, such as optical communication, optical data storage, new lasers and new photonic components and devices. The book presents the research results of the authors in new glasses for photonics over the last decade.


Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence

Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence

Author: Paula G. Coble

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-07-14

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 0521764610

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A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.


Springer Handbook of Glass

Springer Handbook of Glass

Author: J. David Musgraves

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-08-14

Total Pages: 1590

ISBN-13: 9783319937267

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This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.


Optical Properties of Glass

Optical Properties of Glass

Author: Donald Robert Uhlmann

Publisher:

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13:

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Seven independently-authored chapters consider selected topics related to the rapidly growing interest in optical glass among scientists who were hitherto satisfied with opaque ceramics. They cover oxide, halide, and photochromic glasses; nonlinear optical properties; optical basicity; optical fiber


Optical Spectroscopy in Chemistry and Life Sciences

Optical Spectroscopy in Chemistry and Life Sciences

Author: Werner Schmidt

Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Published: 2005-08-26

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13:

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This book is a compact and simultaneously comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of optical spectroscopy. The author skillfully leads the reader from the basics to practical applications. The main topics covered are: - theory of optical spectroscopy - components of spectrometers (light sources, filters, lenses and mirror chromators, detectors, cuvettes) - evaluation of data and interpretation of spectra Such important methods as absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, scattering and reflection spectroscopy, photoaccustic spectroscopy, spectroscopy of atoms, polarimetry and near infrared spectroscopy are covered in depth. A useful appendix with the addresses of pertinent equipment manufacturers rounds off the work.


The Physics and Chemistry of Materials

The Physics and Chemistry of Materials

Author: Joel I. Gersten

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Published: 2001-06-25

Total Pages: 864

ISBN-13:

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A comprehensive introduction to the structure, properties, and applications of materials This title provides the first unified treatment for the broad subject of materials. Authors Gersten and Smith use a fundamental approach to define the structure and properties of a wide range of solids on the basis of the local chemical bonding and atomic order present in the material. Emphasizing the physical and chemical origins of material properties, the book focuses on the most technologically important materials being utilized and developed by scientists and engineers. Appropriate for use in advanced materials courses, The Physics and Chemistry of Materials provides the background information necessary to assimilate the current academic and patent literature on materials and their applications. Problem sets, illustrations, and helpful tables complete this well-rounded new treatment. Five sections cover these important topics: * Structure of materials, including crystal structure, bonding in solids, diffraction and the reciprocal lattice, and order and disorder in solids * Physical properties of materials, including electrical, thermal, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties * Classes of materials, including semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic materials, and optical materials in addition to metals, ceramics, polymers, dielectrics, and ferroelectrics * A section on surfaces, thin films, interfaces, and multilayers discusses the effects of spatial discontinuities in the physical and chemical structure of materials * A section on synthesis and processing examines the effects of synthesis on the structure and properties of various materials This book is enhanced by a Web-based supplement that offers advanced material together with an entire electronic chapter on the characterization of materials. The Physics and Chemistry of Materials is a complete introduction to the structure and properties of materials for students and an excellent reference for scientists and engineers.