The Development of American Pharmacology
The Development of American Pharmacology

Author: John Parascandola

Publisher:

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13:

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"The word pharmacology has been used since the seventeenth century to refer - like the ancient term materia medica - to the general study of drugs, including their origin, composition, physiological effects, therapeutic uses, preparation, and administration. But the modern science of pharmacology did not emerge as a distinct discipline until the nineteenth century, when scientists primarily concerned with investigating the physiological effects of drugs began calling themselves "pharmacologists."" "The Development of American Pharmacology is the first comprehensive history of the emergence of the science of pharmacology as an independent discipline in the United States. Central to the story is John J. Abel (1857-1938), widely regarded as the "father of American pharmacology." A student of the University of Michigan and Johns Hopkins, Abel received his M.D. degree at the University of Strassburg and helped introduce German knowledge of pharmacology to his American colleagues. At the University of Michigan, he was appointed to the first chair of pharmacology in the United States, and as professor of pharmacology at Johns Hopkins for thirty-nine years, he trained many of the leading figures in the discipline." "In addition to offering the first detailed portrait of Abel's education and career, Parascandola treats topics such as the beginnings of experimental pharmacology in the nineteenth century; the spread of American pharmacology from Michigan and Johns Hopkins to other universities; the growth of pharmacology outside the academic setting; and the establishment of a national society of pharmacologists and a specialized journal, the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Discovering Addiction
Discovering Addiction

Author: Nancy D. Campbell

Publisher: University of Michigan Press

Published: 2019-02-28

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 0472126296

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Discovering Addiction brings the history of human and animal experimentation in addiction science into the present with a wealth of archival research and dozens of oral-history interviews with addiction researchers. Professor Campbell examines the birth of addiction science---the National Academy of Sciences's project to find a pharmacological fix for narcotics addiction in the late 1930s---and then explores the human and primate experimentation involved in the succeeding studies of the "opium problem," revealing how addiction science became "brain science" by the 1990s. Psychoactive drugs have always had multiple personalities---some cause social problems; others solve them---and the study of these drugs involves similar contradictions. Discovering Addiction enriches discussions of bioethics by exploring controversial topics, including the federal prison research that took place in the 1970s---a still unresolved debate that continues to divide the research community---and the effect of new rules regarding informed consent and the calculus of risk and benefit. This fascinating volume is both an informative history and a thought-provoking guide that asks whether it is possible to differentiate between ethical and unethical research by looking closely at how science is made. Nancy D. Campbell is Associate Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the author of Using Women: Gender, Drug Policy, and Social Justice. "Compelling and original, lively and engaging---Discovering Addiction opens up new ways of thinking about drug policy as well as the historical discourses of addiction." ---Carol Stabile, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee Also available: Student Bodies: The Influence of Student Health Services in American Society and Medicine, by Heather Munro Prescott Illness and the Limits of Expression, by Kathlyn Conway White Coat, Clenched Fist: The Political Education of an American Physician, by Fitzhugh Mullan

Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991
Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991

Author: Orlando Figes

Publisher: Metropolitan Books

Published: 2014-04-08

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 0805095985

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From the author of A People's Tragedy, an original reading of the Russian Revolution, examining it not as a single event but as a hundred-year cycle of violence in pursuit of utopian dreams In this elegant and incisive account, Orlando Figes offers an illuminating new perspective on the Russian Revolution. While other historians have focused their examinations on the cataclysmic years immediately before and after 1917, Figes shows how the revolution, while it changed in form and character, nevertheless retained the same idealistic goals throughout, from its origins in the famine crisis of 1891 until its end with the collapse of the communist Soviet regime in 1991. Figes traces three generational phases: Lenin and the Bolsheviks, who set the pattern of destruction and renewal until their demise in the terror of the 1930s; the Stalinist generation, promoted from the lower classes, who created the lasting structures of the Soviet regime and consolidated its legitimacy through victory in war; and the generation of 1956, shaped by the revelations of Stalin's crimes and committed to "making the Revolution work" to remedy economic decline and mass disaffection. Until the very end of the Soviet system, its leaders believed they were carrying out the revolution Lenin had begun. With the authority and distinctive style that have marked his magisterial histories, Figes delivers an accessible and paradigm-shifting reconsideration of one of the defining events of the twentieth century.