History of Founding of New England
History of Founding of New England

Author: James Truslow Adams

Publisher: e-artnow

Published: 2022-01-04

Total Pages: 395

ISBN-13:

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This Pulitzer Prize awarded history interrogates the discovery and first settlement of the region; the genesis of the religious and political ideas which there took root and flourished; the geographic and other factors which shaped its economic development; the beginnings of that English overseas empire, of which it formed a part; and the early formulation of thought-on both sides of the Atlantic-regarding imperial problems. Contents: The American Background Staking Out Claims The Race for Empire Some Aspects of Puritanism The First Permanent Settlement New England and the Great Migration An English Opposition Becomes a New England Oligarchy The Growth of a Frontier Attempts to Unify New England Cross-Currents in the Confederacy The Defeat of the Theocracy The Theory of Empire The Reassertion of Imperial Control The Inevitable Conflict Loss of the Massachusetts Charter An Experiment in Administration The New Order

The Second Creation
The Second Creation

Author: Jonathan Gienapp

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2018-10-09

Total Pages: 465

ISBN-13: 067498952X

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A stunning revision of our founding document’s evolving history that forces us to confront anew the question that animated the founders so long ago: What is our Constitution? Americans widely believe that the United States Constitution was created when it was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788. But in a shrewd rereading of the Founding era, Jonathan Gienapp upends this long-held assumption, recovering the unknown story of American constitutional creation in the decade after its adoption—a story with explosive implications for current debates over constitutional originalism and interpretation. When the Constitution first appeared, it was shrouded in uncertainty. Not only was its meaning unclear, but so too was its essential nature. Was the American Constitution a written text, or something else? Was it a legal text? Was it finished or unfinished? What rules would guide its interpretation? Who would adjudicate competing readings? As political leaders put the Constitution to work, none of these questions had answers. Through vigorous debates they confronted the document’s uncertainty, and—over time—how these leaders imagined the Constitution radically changed. They had begun trying to fix, or resolve, an imperfect document, but they ended up fixing, or cementing, a very particular notion of the Constitution as a distinctively textual and historical artifact circumscribed in space and time. This means that some of the Constitution’s most definitive characteristics, ones which are often treated as innate, were only added later and were thus contingent and optional.