Biology is a critical application area for engineering analysis and design, and students in engineering programs must be well-versed in the fundamentals of biology as they relate to their field. Biology for Engineers is an introductory text that minimizes unnecessary memorization of connections and classifications and instead emphasizes concepts, technology, and the utilization of living things. Whether students are headed toward a bio-related engineering degree or one of the more traditional majors, biology is so important that all engineering students should know how living things work and act. Classroom-tested at the University of Maryland, this comprehensive text introduces concepts and terminology needed to understand more advanced biology literature. Filled with practical detailed examples, the book presents: Scientific principles relevant to biology that all engineers must know A discussion of biological responses from the perspective of a broad range of fields such as psychology, human factors, genetics, plant and animal physiology, imaging, control systems, actuary, and medicine A thorough examination of the scaling of biological responses and attributes A classification of different types of applications related to biological systems Tables of useful information that are nearly impossible to find elsewhere A series of questions at the end of each chapter to test comprehension Emphasizing the ever-present interactions between a biological unit and its physical, chemical, and biological environments, the book provides ample instruction on the basics of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering. It brings together all of the concepts one needs to understand the role of biology in modern technology.
Scientific knowledge of vocal acoustics has grown exponentially in the last eighty years. With sophisticated yet inexpensive sound analysis technology, more voice teachers are curious about the value of vocal acoustics for the studio and see the need to understand it for more efficient, science-informed pedagogy. Kenneth Bozeman distills the most important vocal acoustic principles and insights for contemporary teachers and singers. With concise and easy-to-understand language, the book takes these complex concepts and imparts practical tips and strategies that anyone can use in their teaching and singing. Unlike many other singing texts, this book focuses on the voice as an acoustic phenomenon. Bozeman addresses a myriad of topics including: Bozeman addresses a myriad of topics including: Theories of vocal resonance The pedagogic implications of tube acoustics Formants and their interaction with harmonics Vocal registration Passaggio training The acoustics of belting Acoustic technology useful for the studio Also included are vocal exercises implementing these concepts.
The second edition of this distinguished textbook introduces undergraduates to the concepts, terminology and representations needed for an understanding of how English is pronounced around the world. Assuming no prior knowledge, this textbook guides the reader through the vocal tract and explains how the sounds of speech are made, offering an accessible and expanded introduction to areas including transcription, vowels and acoustic analysis. As far as possible, it uses naturally-occurring conversational speech so that readers are familiar with the details of everyday talk (and not just the careful pronunciations presented in dictionaries.) The book also includes a new concluding chapter that works through a piece of spoken data to show the reader how a more complete phonetic analysis can be conducted. Examples are taken from around the English-speaking world, including North America, Australia, New Zealand and varieties of British English. The book takes an open-minded approach to what sounds of English might be significant for making meaning, and highlights the significance of word meaning, morphology, sociolinguistics and conversational interaction in phonetic analysis.
The interdisciplinary linguistic attractor model portrays language processing as linked sequences of fractal sets, and examines the changing dynamics of such sets for individuals as well as the speech community they comprise. Its motivation stems from human anatomic constraints and several artificial neural network approaches. It uses general computation theory to: (1) demonstrate the capacity of Cantor-like fractal sets to perform as Turing Machines; (2) better distinguish between models that simply match outputs (emulation) and models that match both outputs and internal dynamics (simulation); and (3) relate language processing to essential computation steps executed in parallel. Measure and information theory highlight the key variables driving linguistic dynamics, while catastrophe and game theory help predict the possible topologies of language change.It introduces techniques to isolate and measure attractors, and to interpret their stability and relative content within a system. Important results include the capability to distinguish the sequence of related sound changes, and to make point-to-point comparisons of different texts using common metrics. Other techniques allow quantifiable ambiguity landscapes illustrating the forces that propel different languages in different directions.
The book presents the history of time-domain representation and the extent of its development along with that of spectral domain representation in the cognitive and technology domains. It discusses all the cognitive experiments related to this development, along with details of technological developments related to both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text to speech synthesis (TTS), and introduces a viable time-domain representation for both objective and subjective analysis, as an alternative to the well-known spectral representation. The book also includes a new cohort study on the use of lexical knowledge in ASR. India has numerous official dialects, and spoken-language technology development is a burgeoning area. In fact TTS and ASR taken together constitute the most important technology for empowering people. As such, the book describes time domain representation in such a way that it can be easily and seamlessly incorporated into ASR and TTS research and development. In short, it is a valuable guidebook for the development of ASR and TTS in all the Indian Standard Dialects using signal domain parameters.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2013, held in Pilsen, Czech Republic, in September 2013. The 65 papers presented together with 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. The main topics of this year's conference was corpora, texts and transcription, speech analysis, recognition and synthesis, and their intertwining within NL dialogue systems. The topics also included speech recognition, corpora and language resources, speech and spoken language generation, tagging, classification and parsing of text and speech, semantic processing of text and speech, integrating applications of text and speech processing, as well as automatic dialogue systems, and multimodal techniques and modelling.
Based on the authors' model of auditory, speech, and language development, the book provides educators with effective techniques and strategies for working with children in the primary grades.
This book is the first to focus on the African origins of human language. It explores the origins of language and culture 250,000-150,000 years ago when modern humans evolved in Africa. Scholars from around the world address the fossil, genetic, and archaeological evidence and critically examine the ways it has been interpreted. The book also considers parallel developments among Europe's Neanderthals and the contrasting outcomes for the two species. Following an extensiveintroduction contextualizing and linking the book's topics and approaches, fifteen chapters bring together many of the most significant recent findings and developments in modern human origins research. The fields represented by the authors include genetics, biology, behavioural ecology, linguistics,archaeology, cognitive science, and anthropology.