OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 498: In vitro Phototoxicity - Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity test method
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 498: In vitro Phototoxicity - Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity test method

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2023-07-04

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 9264353089

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Skin phototoxicity (photoirritation) is defined as an acute toxic response elicited by topically or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after the exposure of the skin to environmental light. The in vitro reconstructed human epidermis phototoxicity test (RhE PT) is used to identify the phototoxic potential of a test chemical after topical application in reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) tissues in the presence and absence of simulated sunlight.

Chemistry and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment
Chemistry and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment

Author: H.J. Bloemen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 9401121524

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Interest in the occurrence and behaviour of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is increasing due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. It is essential that information is made available on the various aspects of research on VOCs to enable better understanding and control of the various environmental and human health threats. The information in this book will be used to improve communication and understanding of the various approaches. In particular the potential and limitations of the described analytical methods will be essential in defining environmental studies and interpreting the results.

Cosmetic Formulation
Cosmetic Formulation

Author: Heather A.E. Benson

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2019-04-05

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 1482235404

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Cosmetics are the most widely applied products to the skin and include creams, lotions, gels and sprays. Their formulation, design and manufacturing ranges from large cosmetic houses to small private companies. This book covers the current science in the formulations of cosmetics applied to the skin. It includes basic formulation, skin science, advanced formulation, and cosmetic product development, including both descriptive and mechanistic content with an emphasis on practical aspects. Key Features: Covers cosmetic products/formulation from theory to practice Includes case studies to illustrate real-life formulation development and problem solving Offers a practical, user-friendly approach, relying on the work of recognized experts in the field Provides insights into the future directions in cosmetic product development Presents basic formulation, skin science, advanced formulation and cosmetic product development

Drug Absorption Studies
Drug Absorption Studies

Author: Carsten Ehrhardt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-12-22

Total Pages: 711

ISBN-13: 0387749012

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This is a well thought-out, highly practical text covering contemporary ‘in vitro’ techniques for drug absorption studies. Starting at the molecular level of investigation, it continues with cell monolayer models (both primary and cell lines) and culminates with in situ techniques as a final testing format. In addition, chapters on high-throughput assays, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioinformatics and regulatory issues are covered, giving a comprehensive overview of available models and techniques. Moreover, an appendix consisting of a number of practical protocols is available online, updated as needed, and should prove very helpful to apply the techniques directly to the benchside.

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents
Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2006-04-07

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 0309164869

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Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants.

Plant Nanotechnology
Plant Nanotechnology

Author: Chittaranjan Kole

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-13

Total Pages: 387

ISBN-13: 3319421549

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This book highlights the implications of nanotechnology in plant sciences, particularly its potential to improve food and agricultural systems, through innovative, eco-friendly approaches, and as a result to increase plant productivity. Topics include various aspects of nanomaterials: biophysical and biochemical properties; methods of treatment, detection and quantification; methods of quantifying the uptake of nanomaterials and their translocation and accumulation in plants. In addition, the effects on plant growth and development, the role of nanoparticles in changes in gene and protein expression, and delivery of genetic materials for genetic improvement are discussed. It also explores how nanotechnology can improve plant protection and plant nutrition, and addresses concerns about using nanoparticles and their compliances. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application potential of nanoparticles in plant science and serves as a valuable resource for students, teachers, researchers and professionals working on nanotechnology.

Handbook of Ecotoxicology
Handbook of Ecotoxicology

Author: David J. Hoffman

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2002-11-13

Total Pages: 1316

ISBN-13: 142003250X

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Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. Focusing on toxic substance and how they affect the ecosystems worldwide, the book presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. This is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.

Dermatopharmacology of Topical Preparations
Dermatopharmacology of Topical Preparations

Author: B. Gabard

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-28

Total Pages: 466

ISBN-13: 364257145X

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Proof of the efficacy of dermatological products is a prerequisite for clinical testing and registration. Now, efficacy claims for cosmetics must be equally substantiated. This book provides a concise, practical but comprehensive overview of experimental models used to screen, develop and select dermatological and cosmetic formulations. The authors are recognized specialists in their field and use a standardized approach to the projects facilitating the reading for the stressed scientist, for the R+D managers general view as well as for the beginners in the field.