The Potamopyrgus antopodarumon reproduction test is designed to assess potential effects of prolonged exposure to chemicals on reproduction and survival of parthenogenetic lineages of the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Adult female P. antipodarum are exposed to a concentration ...
The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.
This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals.
Contaminated sediments represent an ongoing threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of sediment quality is, therefore, an important concern for environmental regulators. Sediment quality guidelines are now well established in regulatory frameworks worldwide; however, practical guidance that covers all of the key aspects of sediment quality assessment is not readily available. In 2005, CSIRO published its highly cited Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. In the ensuing period, the science has advanced considerably. This practical guide is a revised and much expanded second edition, which will be a valuable tool for environmental practitioners. Written by experts in the field, it provides coverage of: sediment sampling; sample preparation; chemical analysis; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; and ecological assessment. In addition, detailed appendices describe protocols for many of the tests to be used.
This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.
R. Wagner The European list of wastes (LOW) (Commission Decision 2000/532/EC and updates) is the basic foundation for the implementation of waste legislation in Europe. It contains a harmonized list of different types of waste and categorizes them according to their origin or generation process. It provides for a uniform description of wastes through the application of a uniform nomenclature and the assignation of certain waste code numbers, for example, in permits or for monit- ing purposes. It also labels those hazardous wastes that are subject to a number of special provisions in both European and national legislation, for example, with regard to monitoring, licenses for installations, and national obligations regarding giving notice and transfer of responsibilities. The Waste Catalogue Ordinance (AVV) transposed the European LOW into German legislation in late 2001. This ordinance encompasses 840 codes of waste in 20 main chapters, classifies 400 types of waste as hazardous, and contains mirror entries for about 200 types of waste. The latter term classifies waste either as hazardous or non-hazardous, depending on certain physical or chemical properties. The ordinance defines 14 hazard criteria (H criteria), including criterion H14 “ecotoxic,” in order to classify waste with regard to properties that render it hazardous. Unfortunately, the LOW is incomplete. Depending on the classification of h- ard, specific concentrations of solids are laid down for the majority of properties relevant for health and workers’ protection.
The test method described in this Test Guideline assesses the effect of chemicals on the reproductive output of Daphnia magna Straus. To this end, young female Daphnia are exposed to the test substance added to water at a range of concentrations (at ...
The Baltic Sea and its coastal zones have been intensively utilised for centuries. Settlements, industry, fisheries and trade are still concentrated in the coastal zones. Concurrently, the coast is a web of sensitive and highly valuable ecosystems which suffer from ongoing degradation. Increasing demands and pressures on coastal ecosystems require integrated coastal zone management. This book reflects the current state and problems of coastal ecosystems in the entire Baltic region, highlighting obstacles and future solutions for integrated management.
This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing ...
