This book examines the U.S. system of intergovernmental relations pertaining to ocean resources. The exploitation of the oceans with regard to fisheries, marine mammals, hydrocarbons and economic minerals, waste disposal, and coastal zone management is analyzed in the context of the Reagan administration's New Federalism. The contributors document the relationships that exist between the various levels of government - federal, state, and local - involved in regulating ocean resources and explore the problems associated with the use of specific resources. The analyses suggest no single pattern of government guidelines during the Reagan years, and they explain existing federal systems in relation to improve the management and conservation of ocean resources.
This book examines the U.S. system of intergovernmental relations pertaining to ocean resources. The exploitation of the oceans with regard to fisheries, marine mammals, hydrocarbons and economic minerals, waste disposal, and coastal zone management is analyzed in the context of the Reagan administration's New Federalism. The contributors document the relationships that exist between the various levels of government - federal, state, and local - involved in regulating ocean resources and explore the problems associated with the use of specific resources. The analyses suggest no single pattern of government guidelines during the Reagan years, and they explain existing federal systems in relation to improve the management and conservation of ocean resources.
Considers S. Res. 33, to express the sense of the Senate that the U.S. should introduce a resolution to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of a National Jurisdiction calling for regulations to govern the development and utilization of ocean seabeds, including regulation of seabed weapons systems, international fishing rights, exploration and ocean surveys, and exploitation of resources, such as petroleum.
Environmental politics and policy, while gaining a significant place in the nation's consciousness, constantly comes up against the United States' desire for more development, more profit, and a collective lack of foresight. Nowhere is this more evident than in the crucial biodiversity of the world's oceans, which are victim to pollution, overharvesting, habitat destruction, and simplistic and fragmented environmental policies that do not speak to underlying problems.Robert Wilder describes how management of the world's oceans and their ecosystems has long faced two principal obstacles. The first is the seemingly infinite capacity of human apathy - something that permits us to take the sea's comfort, sustenance, ecological services, and integrity for granted. The second is the myriad lines for rigid offshore jurisdiction.That people believe the diversity of life on land should be protected is reflected in well-publicized efforts to save the celebrated biodiversity of rainforests. Far less is known, however, about protecting a larger two-thirds of this planet - the oceans. Drawing on academic literature and practical experience, Wilder illustrates the nature of the questions facing decision makers and provides intelligent, well-crafted solutions.By describing how the emerging idea of precautionary action can help build second-generation policy, Wilder offers means to halt problematic overfishing. He integrates political science with the goals of environmental protection, revealing why agencies often fail in their mission to preserve the environment, and offers fresh, sensible, new paths ahead. Wilder shows how damage to marine ecosystems often stems from distant land-based activities and details emerging ideas such as how industrial ecology can be a cost-effective way to preven pollution.Through a rigorous integration of policy and science, Wilder suggests a much-improved second-generation governance of the ocean and coasts and proposes new ideas for resolving the environmental policy stalemate found within the U.S. government.
Workshop addressed these themes: diversity of regional ocean contexts in the U.S., and the major ocean and coastal problems in each region; key issues in regional ocean governance; lessons from existing efforts at regional ocean governance in the U.S. and other countries; major options for improving ocean governance in the U.S.; and desirable features of a regional ocean governance system. The use of marine protected areas (MPA) networks in a regional ocean governance context is emphasized by the participants
This study examines the role of the courts in the public policy process by analyzing the federal-state conflicts over offshore energy development--known as the Seaweed Rebellion--from the Roosevelt through Clinton administrations. Dr. Edward A. Fitzgerald posits that the courts play an important role interpreting statutes and overseeing administrative actions to ensure 'that important legislative purposes, heralded in the halls of Congress, are not lost or misdirected in the vast hallways of the federal bureaucracy.' He concludes that the court's interpretations and deference towards executive decisions undermined the important statutory role of the coastal states, decreased environment protection, and has caused a breakdown in the program of outer continental shelf energy development.
