Novel Insights into the Comorbidities and Mortality in Patients with Diabetes
Novel Insights into the Comorbidities and Mortality in Patients with Diabetes

Author: Sen Li

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-04-19

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 2832548164

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of chronic hyperglycemia that causes numerous complications. The International Diabetes Federation and World Health Organization report that approximately 537 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2021, which may increase to 700 million by 2045. Diabetes and its complications significantly lower the quality of life of patients and cause more than 4 million deaths yearly. Diabetes and its complications also increase premature mortality, increasing society's economic burden. Numerous studies reveal that the chronic multisystem injury and dysfunction can be caused by diabetes, including cardiac and cerebral vascular lesions, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. In addition, diabetes usually co-occurs with other diseases that may have certain risk factors in common. For example, patients with diabetes are more likely to have hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the relationship between diabetes and other potential comorbidities such as hepatitis infection, hearing impairment and periodontal disease. Furthermore, common risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes and comorbidities are far from fully understood. Several comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases) raise the extra chances of death in patients with diabetes, but the association between diabetes and mortality of other diseases, such as endometrial or kidney cancer, is inconsistent. Further research is still needed to reveal the excess mortality associated with diabetic comorbidities.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Chronic Kidney Disease - Novel Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment
Chronic Kidney Disease - Novel Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment

Author: Giovanni Palleschi

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2024-07-03

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 0854666532

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In clinical practice, all physicians have to deal with patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Large numbers of these patients suffer from mild conditions, but nevertheless, they deserve special attention because inappropriate management may accelerate kidney function deterioration. On the other side, patients affected by end-stage renal disease require replacement therapies and often represent a challenge for clinicians due to their complex pathophysiology. Therefore, an adequate knowledge of the most important clinical and therapeutic aspects of renal failure is an essential requirement for every doctor, especially if we consider the increasing incidence and prevalence of this condition. The book summarises the most important etiopathogenetic and pathophysiologic aspects of chronic kidney disease and focuses the attention on important emerging topics: nutritional and dietary management, renoprotective interventions, new evidence about pathophysiological mechanisms provided by base research, innovations in pharmacological treatment, and strategies to improve patient’s quality of life. Data are reported in clear and concise language, supported by graphics, tables, and pictures that facilitate the comprehension of all the arguments.

Platelets in Cardiovascular Disease
Platelets in Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Deepak L. Bhatt

Publisher: Imperial College Press

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 1860948529

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Platelets in Cardiovascular Disease provides an in-depth and current coverage of relevant platelet biology and antiplatelet therapy that is in clinical use today and potentially for the future. The book provides a succinct overview of the critical role of platelets in cardiovascular medicine. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and recent research has found that the platelet is central to the genesis of heart attacks and stroke as well as many of the complications of angioplasty and bypass surgery. An explosion of knowledge of the biology of platelets has established their important role in the formation of blood clots and, perhaps more intriguingly, their role as inflammatory cells. This growth in information has been paralleled by the development of several drugs that can interfere with platelet action and thereby improve patient outcomes. Indeed, several antiplatelet drugs already in development may ultimately lead to marked advances in both the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Drawing upon a panel of international experts, Platelets in Cardiovascular Disease delivers a concise yet thorough review of the major developments in antiplatelet therapy. Practicing clinicians as well as those involved in the development of new antithrombotic therapies will find the book interesting and useful. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Platelet Biology the Role of Platelets in Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Inflammation (274 KB). Contents: Platelet Biology: The Role of Platelets in Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Inflammation (R C Becker); Thromboxane Antagonists (B R Dulin & S R Steinhubl); Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (S J Lehman et al.); ADP Receptor Antagonists (J Karha & C P Cannon); Monitoring Antiplatelet Therapy (P Harrison & A D Michelson); Platelet Genomics (B K Jefferson et al.); Future Strategies for the Development of Antiplatelet Drugs (R A Harrington). Readership: Physicians: cardiologists, vascular medicine specialists, hematologists; physicians in training: fellows, residents, interns; pharmacists; pharmaceutical industry: scientists, sales representatives.