Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Grigoris Antoniou

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 9780262011570

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Nonmonotonic reasoning provides formal methods that enable intelligent systems to operate adequately when faced with incomplete or changing information. In particular, it provides rigorous mechanisms for taking back conclusions that, in the presence of new information, turn out to be wrong and for deriving new, alternative conclusions instead. Nonmonotonic reasoning methods provide rigor similar to that of classical reasoning; they form a base for validation and verification and therefore increase confidence in intelligent systems that work with incomplete and changing information. Following a brief introduction to the concepts of predicate logic that are needed in the subsequent chapters, this book presents an in depth treatment of default logic. Other subjects covered include the major approaches of autoepistemic logic and circumscription, belief revision and its relationship to nonmonotonic inference, and briefly, the stable and well-founded semantics of logic programs.


Nonmonotonic Logic

Nonmonotonic Logic

Author: V. Wiktor Marek

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 3662029065

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When I first participated in exploring theories of nonmonotonic reasoning in the late 1970s, I had no idea of the wealth of conceptual and mathematical results that would emerge from those halting first steps. This book by Wiktor Marek and Miroslaw Truszczynski is an elegant treatment of a large body of these results. It provides the first comprehensive treatment of two influen tial nonmonotonic logics - autoepistemic and default logic - and describes a number of surprising and deep unifying relationships between them. It also relates them to various modal logics studied in the philosophical logic litera ture, and provides a thorough treatment of their applications as foundations for logic programming semantics and for truth maintenance systems. It is particularly appropriate that Marek and Truszczynski should have authored this book, since so much of the research that went into these results is due to them. Both authors were trained in the Polish school of logic and they bring to their research and writing the logical insights and sophisticated mathematics that one would expect from such a background. I believe that this book is a splendid example of the intellectual maturity of the field of artificial intelligence, and that it will provide a model of scholarship for us all for many years to come. Ray Reiter Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto, Canada M5S 1A4 and The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Table of Contents 1 1 Introduction .........


Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Gerhard Brewka

Publisher: Stanford Univ Center for the Study

Published: 1997-01-01

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 9781881526834

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Nonmonotonic reasoning in its broadest sense is reasoning to conclusions on the basis of incomplete information. Given more information, previously drawn inferences may be retracted. Commonsense reasoning has a nonmonotonic component; it has been argued that almost all commonsense inferences are of this sort. From the end of the 1980s to the present there has been an explosion in research in nonmonotonic reasoning. It is now possible to understand more clearly the properties of the major formalisms from a metatheoretical point of view, the relationships among the formalisms and their connection to independently developed proof methods. The goal of this monograph is to make this understanding more accessible.


A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change

A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change

Author: Alexander Bochman

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 439

ISBN-13: 3662045605

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This is the first book that integrates nonmonotonic reasoning and belief change into a single framework from an artificial intelligence logic point-of-view. The approach to both these subjects is based on a powerful notion of an epistemic state that subsumes both existing models for nonmonotonic inference and current models for belief change. Many results and constructions in the book are completely new and have not appeared earlier in the literature.


Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning

Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning

Author: Lua-S Moniz Pereira

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 9780262660839

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This is the second in a series of workshops that are bringing together researchers from the theoretical end of both the logic programming and artificial intelligence communities to discuss their mutual interests. This workshop emphasizes the relationship between logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning.Luis' Moniz Pereira is Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal. Anil Nerode is Professor and Director of the Mathematical Sciences Institute at Cornell University.Topics include: Stable Semantics. Autoepistemic Logic. Abduction. Implementation Issues. Well-founded Semantics. Truth Maintenance. Probabilistic Theories. Applications. Default Logic. Diagnosis. Complexity and Theory. Handling Inconsistency.


Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Alexander Bochman

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 9812561013

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Many approaches in the field of nonmonotonic and ?commonsense? reasoning are actually different representations of the same basic ideas and constructions. This book gives a logical formalization of the original, explanatory approach to nonmonotonic reasoning. It uses the basic formalism of biconsequence relations, as well as derived systems of default, autoepistemic and causal inference, to cover in a single framework such diverse systems as default logic, autoepistemic and modal nonmonotonic logics, input/output and causal logics, argumentation theory, and semantics of general logic programs with negation as failure. This approach provides a clear separation between logical (monotonic) and nonmonotonic aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning. The separation allows, in particular, to single out the logics underlying modern logic programming and restore thereby the connection between logic programming and logic.


Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision

Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision

Author: Gabriele Kern-Isberner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2001-07-25

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 3540423672

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This book covers lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. Acquired immunodeficiencies are caused by infections with the human immunodeficiency virus or arise following immunosuppressive therapy administered after organ transplantation or to treat connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It was recently discovered that various diseases or therapeutic modalities that induce a state of immunosuppression may cause virally driven lymphoproliferations. This book summarizes for the first time this group of immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferations.


Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author: Gerhard Brewka

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 9781848900424

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The publication of the seminal special issue on nonmonotonic logics by the Artificial Intelligence Journal in 1980 resulted in a new area of research in knowledge representation and changed the mainstream paradigm of logic that originated in antiquity. It led to discoveries of connections between logic, knowledge representation and computation, and attracted not only computer scientists but also logicians, mathematicians and philosophers. Nonmonotonic reasoning concerns situations when information is incomplete or uncertain. Thus, conclusions drawn lack iron-clad certainty that comes with classical logic reasoning. New information, even if the original one is retained, may change conclusions. Formal ways to capture mechanisms involved in nonmonotonic reasoning, and to exploit them for computation as in the answer set programming paradigm are at the heart of this research area. The conference NonMon@30 - Thirty Years of Nonmonotonic Reasoning, held in Lexington, KY, USA, October 22-25, 2010, aimed to sum up the experience of the first 30 years of nonmonotonic logics and to map paths into the future. It comprised eighteen invited talks and several technical presentations. The present volume consists of the texts based on twelve of the invited presentations. These papers offer unique insights into the key questions that have been driving the development of nonmonotonic reasoning and suggest problems worthy of consideration in the future. They paint the picture of the field that has a well-established tradition, and remains vibrant and relevant to long-term goals of artificial intelligence.


Logic Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning

Logic Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning

Author: Luís Moniz Pereira

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 516

ISBN-13:

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This is the second in a series of workshops that are bringing together researchersfrom the theoretical end of both the logic programming and artificial intelligence communities todiscuss their mutual interests. This workshop emphasizes the relationship between logic programmingand non-monotonic reasoning.Luis' Moniz Pereira is Professor in the Department of Computer Scienceat the Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal. Anil Nerode is Professor and Director of the MathematicalSciences Institute at Cornell University.Topics include: Stable Semantics. Autoepistemic Logic.Abduction. Implementation Issues. Well-founded Semantics. Truth Maintenance. Probabilistic Theories.Applications. Default Logic. Diagnosis. Complexity and Theory. Handling Inconsistency.


Bridges from Classical to Nonmonotonic Logic

Bridges from Classical to Nonmonotonic Logic

Author: David Makinson

Publisher: College Publications

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 9781904987000

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Imagine a robot trying to size up a difficult situation, to find a way of responding. Its sensors receive streams of information from which it tries to reach judgements. If it relies on deduction alone, it will not get far, no matter how fast its inference engines; for even the most massive information is still typically incomplete: there are relevant issues that it does not resolve one way or the other. The robot, or human agent for that matter, needs to go beyond these limits. It needs to `go supraclassical', inferring more than is authorised by classical logic alone. But such inferences are inherently uncertain. They are also nonmonotonic, in the sense that the acquisition of further information, even when consistent with the existing stock, may lead us to abondon as well as add conclusions. Nonmonotonic logic is the study of such reasoning and has been the subject of intensive research for more than two decades. But for the newcomer it is still a disconcerting affair, lacking unity with many systems going in different directions. The purpose of this book is to take the mystery out of the subject, giving a clear overall picture of what is going on. It makes the essential ideas and main approaches to nonmonotonic logic accessible, and meaningful, to anyone with a few basic tools of discrete mathematics and a minimal background in classical propositional logic. It is written as a textbook, with detailed explanations, examples, comments, exercises and answers. Students and instructors alike will find it an invaluable guide.