The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages; A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of Princeton University

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages; A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of Princeton University

Author: Karl Brugmann

Publisher: Andesite Press

Published: 2015-08-12

Total Pages: 46

ISBN-13: 9781297793547

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The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages

The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages

Author: Karl Brugmann

Publisher:

Published: 2015-08-04

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 9781332161812

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Excerpt from The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages: A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of Princeton University The factors that produced changes in human speech five thousand or ten thousand years ago cannot have been essentially different from those which are now operating to transform living languages. On the basis of this principle we look to-day at a much-discussed problem of Indo-European philology with views very different from the views held by the founders of Comparative Philology and their immediate successors. I refer to the problem, how the Indo-European people came to assign gender to nouns, to distinguish between masculine, feminine, and neuter. This question is of interest to others besides philologists. What man of culture who has learned languages such as the Greek, Latin, or French has not at times wondered that objects which have no possible connection with the natural gender of animals appear constantly in the language as male or female? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.


Grammatical Change in Indo-European Languages

Grammatical Change in Indo-European Languages

Author: Vít Bubeník

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 9027248214

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The product of a group of scholars who have been working on new directions in Historical Linguistics, this book is focused on questions of grammatical change, and the central issue of grammaticalization in Indo-European languages. Several studies examine particular problems in specific languages, but often with implications for the IE phylum as a whole. Given the historical scope of the data (over a period of four millennia) long range grammatical changes such as the development of gender differences, strategies of definiteness, the prepositional phrase, or of the syntax of the verbal diathesis and aspect, are also treated. The shifting relevance of morphology to syntax, and syntax to morphology, a central motif of this research, has provoked lively debate in the discipline of Historical Linguistics.


A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology

A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology

Author: Kenneth Shields

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 1992-01-01

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 9027235880

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This book explores the origin and evolution of important grammatical categories of the Indo-European verb, including the markers of person, tense, number, aspect, and mood. Its central thesis is that many of these markers can be traced to original deictic particles which were incorporated into verbal structures in order to indicate the 'hic and nunc' and various degrees of remoteness from the 'hic and nunc'. The alterations to which these deictic elements were subject are viewed here in the context of an Indo-European language very different from Brugmannian Indo-European, many features of which, it is argued, appeared only in the period of dialectal development. This book challenges numerous traditional proposals about the Indo-European verb; all reconstructions contained in it are firmly based on extant data and are consonant with established principles of linguistic change.


Gender in Grammar and Cognition

Gender in Grammar and Cognition

Author: Barbara Unterbeck

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2011-07-20

Total Pages: 884

ISBN-13: 3110802600

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TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.


Uniformitarianism in Linguistics

Uniformitarianism in Linguistics

Author: T. Craig Christy

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 1983-01-01

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 9027245134

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This study examines specific implications of the considerable overlap in methodology and theory of 19th-century geology and philology. Recognition of this overlap is indispensable to a complete understanding of philology s development into the more empirical science of linguistics, especially as this empiricism culminates in the neogrammarian doctrine of exceptionless sound laws.The study consists of three major parts: I Uniformitarianism in the Palaetiological Sciences [i.e., geology and other natural sciences studying life in earlier periods of the earth]; II The Rise of Uniformitarianism in Linguistics; and III The Uniformitarian Basis of Neogrammarian Linguistics.


Black Athena

Black Athena

Author: Martin Bernal

Publisher: Rutgers University Press

Published: 2020-02-14

Total Pages: 1018

ISBN-13: 197880721X

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Winner of the 1990 American Book Award What is classical about Classical civilization? In one of the most audacious works of scholarship ever written, Martin Bernal challenges the foundation of our thinking about this question. Classical civilization, he argues, has deep roots in Afroasiatic cultures. But these Afroasiatic influences have been systematically ignored, denied or suppressed since the eighteenth century—chiefly for racist reasons. The popular view is that Greek civilization was the result of the conquest of a sophisticated but weak native population by vigorous Indo-European speakers—Aryans—from the North. But the Classical Greeks, Bernal argues, knew nothing of this “Aryan model.” They did not see their institutions as original, but as derived from the East and from Egypt in particular. This long-awaited third and final volume of the series is concerned with the linguistic evidence that contradicts the Aryan Model of ancient Greece. Bernal shows how nearly 40 percent of the Greek vocabulary has been plausibly derived from two Afroasiatic languages – Ancient Egyptian and West Semitic. He also reveals how these derivations are not limited to matters of trade, but extended to the sophisticated language of politics, religion, and philosophy. This evidence, according to Bernal, greatly strengthens the hypothesis that in Greece an Indo-European-speaking population was culturally dominated by Ancient Egyptian and West Semitic speakers. Provocative, passionate, and colossal in scope, this volume caps a thoughtful rewriting of history that has been stirring academic and political controversy since the publication of the first volume.