Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface
Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface

Author: Todd H. Wiedemeier

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1999-03-08

Total Pages: 634

ISBN-13: 9780471197492

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The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.

Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation
Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation

Author: Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-08-31

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 0309069327

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In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.

Contaminants in the Subsurface
Contaminants in the Subsurface

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2005-04-23

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 030909447X

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At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.

In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation
In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation

Author: Robert L. Siegrist

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-02-25

Total Pages: 715

ISBN-13: 1441978267

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This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.

Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup
Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1994-02-01

Total Pages: 334

ISBN-13: 0309049946

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There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.

Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation
Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation

Author: Pedro J. Alvarez

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2005-12-16

Total Pages: 624

ISBN-13: 0471738611

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A groundbreaking text and professional resource on natural attenuation technology Natural attenuation is rapidly becoming a widely used approach to manage groundwater and soil contamination by hazardous substances in petroleum-product releases and leachate from hazardous waste sites and landfills. This book provides, under one cover, the current methodologies needed by groundwater scientists and engineers in their efforts to evaluate subsurface contamination problems, to estimate risk to human health and ecosystems through mathematical models, and to design and formulate appropriate remediation strategies. Incorporating the authors' extensive backgrounds as educators, researchers, and consultants in environmental biotechnology and hydrogeology, the text emphasizes new concepts and recent advances in the science, including: Quantification of the role of microbes in natural attenuation Biodegradation and chemical transformation principles Immobilization and phase change Biotransformation mechanisms Groundwater flow and contaminant transport Analytical models for contaminant transport and reaction processes Numerical modeling of contaminant transport, transformation, and degradation Detailed descriptions of fundamental processes, characterization approaches, and analytical and numerical methods tied to relevant real-world applications make Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation: Process Fundamentals and Mathematical Models both a timely course text in hydrogeology and environmental engineering and a valuable reference for anyone in the groundwater or risk assessment professions.

Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2
Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2

Author: George Wypych

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2019-02-21

Total Pages: 943

ISBN-13: 1927885426

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Handbook of Solvents, Volume Two: Use, Health, and Environment, Third Edition, contains the most comprehensive information ever published on solvents and an extensive analysis of the principles of solvent selection and use. The book is intended to help formulators select ideal solvents, safety coordinators protect workers, and legislators and inspectors define and implement public safeguards on solvent usage, handling and disposal. The book begins with a discussion of solvent use in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. In addition, the possibilities for solvent substitution are also discussed, with an emphasis on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and agriculture-based products. - Assists in solvent selection by providing key information and insight on environmental and safety issues - Provides essential best practice guidance for human health considerations - Discusses the latest advances and trends in solvent technology, including modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils, selection of gloves, suits and respirators

Natural Attenuation of Hazardous Wastes
Natural Attenuation of Hazardous Wastes

Author: Rao Y. Surampalli

Publisher: ASCE Publications

Published: 2004-01-01

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9780784475522

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Sponsored by the Natural Attenuation Task Committee of the Environmental and Multi-Media Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. This report provides the regulatory framework, scientific and engineering principles, and applications of natural attenuation for the remediation of contaminated sites. Natural attenuation is a process that relies on the natural assimilative capacity of a site to reduce or stabilize contaminates to desirable levels. It is becoming an increasingly popular, cost-effective remedial alternative for many contaminated sites. The report describes in detail sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and MTBE, chlorinated solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and radioactive wastes. Topics include: Ømajor pollutants; Øextensive review of literature; Øexamples of applications of natural attenuation; Øsite characterization and monitoring requirements and procedures; and Øbasic scientific principles on physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental engineers and scientists will find this book full of information on basic principles to summaries of natural attenuation applications.

Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation
Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation

Author: Ajay Singh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 3662057948

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The huge expansion of the chemical and petroleum industries in the twentieth century has resulted in the production of a vast array of chem ical compounds and materials that have transformed our lives. The associated large-scale manufacturing, processing and handling activi ties have caused a serious deterioration in environmental quality and created threats to human health. These negative impacts have led to responses and regulations requiring remedial action in support of envi ronmental sustainability. of biotechnological methods through bioremediation, Application has gained prominence as an option for soil remediation methods. Bioremediation is a multidisciplinary approach where biologists, chem ists, soil scientists and engineers work as team to develop and imple ment remediation processes. Bioremediation has now been used successfully to remediate many petroleum-contaminated sites. However, there are as yet no commercial technologies commonly used to reme diate the most recalcitrant contaminants. Nevertheless, bioremediation is a rapidly advancing field and new bio-based remedial technologies are continuing to emerge.