Given the very limited capacity of regeneration in the brain, protecting neurons that are on the brink of death is a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience, with implications for a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological and psychiatric diseases. This book brings together leading experts from neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroimmunology and clinical neuroscience to highlight the most recent milestones in this rapidly evolving field. The book will serve as a reference for both basic neuroscientists and clinicians interested in an authoritative update on the molecular and cellular biology of neuroprotection and its promises for new therapeutic strategies.
Given the very limited capacity of regeneration in the brain, protecting neurons that are on the brink of death is a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience, with implications for a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological and psychiatric diseases. This book brings together leading experts from neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroimmunology and clinical neuroscience to highlight the most recent milestones in this rapidly evolving field. The book will serve as a reference for both basic neuroscientists and clinicians interested in an authoritative update on the molecular and cellular biology of neuroprotection and its promises for new therapeutic strategies.
"CNS neuroprotection" was a common subject of papers, symposia, and reviews during the previous "decade of the brain. " Indeed, in recent years, experimental study of putative neuroprotective agents prompted clinical trials of numerous drug candidates in acute and chronic human neurodegenerative conditions. While the outcomes of these trials have not been as successful as initially hoped, these were early explorations, and the pipeline of relevant ideas continues to grow in strength and depth. We predict that early in this new millennium, crippling disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease will be treated effectively by therapeutic neuroprotective strategies. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology titled eNS Neuroprotection provides a pharmacological perspective on currently promis ing neuroprotective approaches, and a clinical perspective on the challenges involved in establishing the efficacy of these approaches through appropriate clinical trials. Section I, "Mechanistic Approaches to CNS Neuroprotection," reviews major injury mechanisms that have formed the basis for many past and present clinical trials conducted around the world. Dr. KIM and colleagues, Washington University School of Medicine, review the status of blocking excitotoxicity as an approach to CNS neuroprotection. Dr. WANG, Pfizer Global Research and Development,Ann Arbor Laboratories, outlines evidence supporting a contri bution of apoptosis to pathological neuronal or glial cell loss. Drs. BECKER and HALLENBECK, University of Washington and the National Institute on Neuro logical Diseases and Stroke, respectively, argue that inhibiting inflammatory pathways in the brain can be neuroprotective. Dr.
Natural Molecules in Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity brings together research in the area of natural compounds and their dual effects of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity when interacting with brain cells. This book is organized into four sections that address molecular mechanism underlying neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, neuroprotection mediated by natural molecules, neurotoxicity induced by natural compounds and nanotechnology-related strategies utilized in neuroprotection. Written by well-known researchers all over the world, chapters provide an in-depth analysis of numerous molecules, such as algae, plant and fungus-derived molecules, and comprehensively discuss their mechanisms of action and possible clinical applications. This book provides an essential reference for researchers and clinical scientists interested in the effects of natural compounds on the human health and disease. Covers both neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes resulted from the exposure of brain cells to natural molecules Analyzes numerous natural compounds, including animal, vegetal, fungal, bacterial, and marine-derived molecules Discusses the effects of the metabolism of microbiota on the biotransformation of natural molecules and the consequences of these processes on brain cells Contains a section focused on the nanotechnology-related strategies utilized to enhance the bioavailability of natural molecules to brain cells
In this first book to cover model systems, molecular mechanisms and clinical trials all in one volume internationally renowned scientists and clinicians provide a comprehensive treatment of neuroprotective strategies for all important neurological disorders. Following an overview of neurodegenerative, traumatic, and ischemic disorders, the book goes on to cover in vitro and animal model systems as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms. An extremely helpful analysis of clinical studies explains reasons for their success and failure, and the whole is rounded off with a look at the current challenges and hopes for the development of effective treatment strategies in the future.
Neuroinflammation, Resolution, and Neuroprotection in the Brain discusses the molecular aspects of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders. The book examines the effect of diet and exercise on neuroinflammatory diseases. Chapters focus on bioactive lipids, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the involvement of neuroinflammation, resolution and neuroprotection in neurotraumatic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases. The comprehensive information in this monograph will help readers understand molecular cross-talk among mediators of phospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. The book's goal is to jumpstart more studies on molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic aspects of neurological disorders in human subjects. Discusses the molecular aspects of neuroinflammation, resolution and neuroprotection Examines the role of diet and exercise on neuroinflammatory diseases Provides cutting-edge research on signal transduction processes Explores the treatment of neurological disorders caused by neuroinflammation
Therapeutic approaches in spinal cord injury.- Cell death and tissue degeneration in traumatic brain injury.- neurotransmitters and electrophysiology in brain injury.- neurotransmitters and electrophysiology in brain injury.- Parkinsonism in the MPTP model.- EAE Demyelination.- EAE Neurodegeneration.- Cataract.- Uveitis.- Optic neuritis.- GBS/peripherial neuropathy, paraproteinemia.- Brain Tumor(Tumor Mechanisma).- Brain Tumor and angiogenesis.- SCIDS.- Phenylketone urea and mental retardation.- Neurofibromatosis.- BBB.- Muscular dystrophy.- Stracher.- Diabetic neuropathy/retinopathy/cataract.- Peroxisomes and adrenoleukodystrophy ALD.- Neuroprotection.- NFkB (Inflammation and spinal cord injury).- spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.- free radicals and neuroprotection.- Traumatic brain injury.- white matter degeneration.- Mitochondrial membrane defects.- Encephalomyopathies.- metal induced neurodegenaration.- neurometals in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases.- hyperammonemia.- kyneurenines in the brain preclinical and clinical studies, therapeutic condiserations.
This fully revised edition explores the management of neurological disorders with a focus on neuroprotection, disease modification, and neuroregeneration rather than symptomatic treatment. Since the publication of the first edition, advances in biotechnology, particularly in cell and gene therapies, are reflected in this volume, as are numerous new and repurposed drugs in clinical trials. Overall, The Handbook of Neuroprotection serves as a comprehensive review of neuroprotection based on knowledge of the molecular basis of disorders of the central nervous system. In-depth and authoritative, The Handbook of Neuroprotection, Second Edition features a compendium of vital knowledge aimed at providing researchers with an essential reference for this key neurological area of study.
"Neurodegenerative diseases are a complex heterogeneous group of diseases associated with site-specific premature and slow death of certain neuronal populations in brain and spinal cord tissues. For example, in Alzheimer disease, neuronal degeneration occu"
Cerebral preconditioning is a phenomenon wherein a mild insult or stress induces cellular and tissue adaptation or tolerance to a later, severe injury, therefore reflecting the efficacy of endogenous mechanisms of cerebrovascular protection. Initially identified for rapid cardiac protection, preconditioning has expanded to all aspects of CNS protection from ischemia, trauma and potentially neurodegeneration. Many different stimuli or stressors have been identified as preconditioning agents, suggesting a downstream convergence of mechanisms and underscoring the potential for translational application of preconditioning in the clinic. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for preconditioning-induced tolerance will help in the design novel pharmacological approaches for neuroprotection. While stroke and many other brain injuries are not predictable, in some populations (e.g., metabolic syndrome, patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, aneurysm clipping, or with recent TIAs) the risk for stroke is identifiable and significant, and preconditioning may represent a useful strategy for neuroprotection. For unpredictable injuries, post-conditioning the brain – or inducing endogenous protective mechanisms after the initial injury – can also abrogate the extent of injury. Finally, remote pre- and post-conditioning methods have been developed in animals, and are now being tested in clinical trials, wherein a brief, noninjurious stress to a noncerebral tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle) can provide protection to the CNS and thereby allows clinicians the opportunity to circumvent concerns regarding the direct preconditioning of neurological tissues.
