This study offers pathways and analysis of how Minnesota (MN) could transition from its current energy system to one that is decarbonized by 80% (from 2005 level) by 2050 [80×50]. The decarbonization would include the entire economy and is assumed to include energy efficiency measures, electrification, and generation changes. The study will model the entire United States (US) portion of the Eastern Interconnection along with electricity trade between the US, Mexico and Canada. The primary purpose of the study is to determine how Minnesota can meet the goals of 80×50 under various scenarios. These scenarios will be evaluated against a baseline scenario that assumes minimal electrification and no additional climate policies beyond those already enacted into law.
The present study finds that by the entire Eastern Interconnection (EIC) decarbonizing by 95% by 2050 (and 65% by 2035) over 6 million new jobs could be created and $100 billion could be saved. This saving amounts to about $300 per residential customer per year. To achieve the low-emission electricity system, transmission must be expanded across the EIC to efficiently share the over 80% of wind and solar generation by 2050. The study finds that wind, solar, storage and transmission can be complements to each other to help reduce the cost to decarbonize the electricity system. Transmission provides spatial diversity, storage provides temporal diversity, and the wind and solar provide the low-cost, emission-free generation.
Energy storage is a main component of any holistic consideration of smart grids, particularly when incorporating power derived from variable, distributed and renewable energy resources. Energy Storage for Smart Grids delves into detailed coverage of the entire spectrum of available and emerging storage technologies, presented in the context of economic and practical considerations. Featuring the latest research findings from the world's foremost energy storage experts, complete with data analysis, field tests, and simulation results, this book helps device manufacturers develop robust business cases for the inclusion of storage in grid applications. It also provides the comparisons and explanations grid planners and operators need to make informed decisions about which storage solutions will be most successful when implemented in operational grids. - Connects the latest research findings in energy storage with strategies for economical and practical implementation in grid systems - Brings together diverse knowledge resources in one comprehensive volume covering all major storage technologies, explained by experts from the world's leading research institutions - Includes detailed data analysis from field tests and simulations to help planners and engineers choose the storage method that will add the most value to their grid operations
America has officially entered the “coal cost crossover” – where existing coal is increasingly more expensive than cleaner alternatives. Today, local wind and solar could replace approximately 74 percent of the U.S. coal fleet at an immediate savings to customers. By 2025, this number grows to 86 percent of the coal fleet. This analysis complements existing research into the costs of clean energy undercutting coal costs, by focusing on which coal plants could be replaced locally (within 35 miles of the existing coal plant) at a saving. It suggests local decision-makers should consider plans for a smooth shut-down of these old plants—assessing their options for reliable replacement of that electricity, as well as financial options for communities dependent on those plants. This report should begin a longer conversation about the most cost-effective replacement for coal, which may include combinations of local or remote wind, solar, transmission, storage, and demand response.
This book focuses on the role of systems and control. Focusing on the current and future development of smart grids in the generation and transmission of energy, it provides an overview of the smart grid control landscape, and the potential impact of the various investigations presented has for technical aspects of power generation and distribution as well as for human and economic concerns such as pricing, consumption and demand management. A tutorial exposition is provided in each chapter, describing the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Topics in these chapters include: wide-area control; issues of estimation and integration at the transmission; distribution, consumers, and demand management; and cyber-physical security for smart grid control systems. The contributors describe the problems involved with each topic, and what impact these problems would have if not solved. The tutorial components and the opportunities and challenges detailed make this book ideal for anyone interested in new paradigms for modernized, smart power grids, and anyone in a field where control is applied. More specifically, it is a valuable resource for students studying smart grid control, and for researchers and academics wishing to extend their knowledge of the topic.
The creation of a flexible, efficient, digitized, dependable and resilient power grid may well be the best route to increasing energy efficiency & security, as well as boosting the potential of renewable & distributed power sources. However, there is still much confusion about the nature of the Smart Grid: What is it? What work needs to be accomplished in order to make it a reality? How will it benefit the drive to diversify energy resources? This book covers Smart Grids from A-Z, providing a complete treatment of the topic, covering both policy and technology, explaining the most recent innovations supporting its development, and clarifying how the Smart Grid can support the integration of Renewable Energy resources. Among the most important topics included are smart metering, renewable energy storage, plug-in hybrids, flexible demand response, strategies for offsetting intermittency issues, micro-grids for off-grid communities, and specific in-depth coverage of wind and solar power integration. The content draws lessons from an international panel of contributors, whose diverse experiences implementing smart grids will help to provide templates for success. If we intend to undertake a meaningful overhaul of the way the world uses energy resources, we ignore grid management issues at our peril. Ultimately, this important book examines what the integration challenges are, what technology and policy needs to be in place in order to support uptake, and what The Smart Grid can do to enable solutions. Provides critical information on the technological, design and policy issues that must be taken into account to ensure that the smart grid is implemented successfully Demonstrates how smart grids can help utilities adhere to increased renewable portfolio standards Provides examples of successful microgrid/smart metering projects from around the world that can act as templates for developers, operators and investors embarking upon similar projects.
This resource describes the thought behind a smart-grid system and the move away from a centralized, producer-controlled network to one that is less centralized and more consumer-interactive.
Energy Efficiency: Towards the End of Demand Growth is a detailed guide to new energy efficiency technologies and policy frameworks affecting the profitability of efficiency projects. The contributions drawn together by F.P. Sioshansi feature insights from recognized thought leaders, detailed examinations of evolving technologies, and practical case studies yielding best practices for project planners, implementers and financiers. This volume challenges the "more is better" paradigm in energy production, examining efficiency technologies and measurement across the supply chain. - Comparative financial analysis of efficiency vs. increased generation - Case studies from four continents highlight the examples of successful technologies and projects - Explains how existing and developing regulatory frameworks impact cost and implementation
The utilization of sensors, communications, and computer technologies to create greater efficiency in the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electricity will enable better management of the electric power system. As the use of smart grid technologies grows, utilities will be able to automate meter reading and billing and consumers will be more aware of their energy usage and the associated costs. The results will require utilities and their suppliers to develop new business models, strategies, and processes. With an emphasis on reducing costs and improving return on investment (ROI) for utilities, Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation explores the design and implementation of smart grid technologies, considering the benefits to consumers as well as businesses. Focusing on industrial applications, the text: Provides a state-of-the-art account of the smart grid Explains how smart grid technologies are currently being used Includes detailed examples and test cases for real-life implementation Discusses trade-offs associated with the utilization of smart grid technologies Describes smart grid simulation software and offers insight into the future of the smart grid The electric power grid is in the early stages of a sea of change. Nobody knows which business models will survive, but companies heeding the lessons found in Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation might just increase their chances for success.
