Micro-level Estimation of Welfare
Micro-level Estimation of Welfare

Author: Chris Elbers

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13:

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The authors construct and derive the properties of estimators of welfare that take advantage of the detailed information about living standards available in small household surveys and the comprehensive coverage of a census or large sample. By combining the strengths of each, the estimators can be used at a remarkably disaggregated level. They have a clear interpretation, are mutually comparable, and can be assessed for reliability using standard statistical theory. Using data from Ecuador, the authors obtain estimates of welfare measures, some of which are quite reliable for populations as small as 15,000 households--a "town." They provide simple illustrations of their use. Such estimates open up the possibility of testing, at a more convincing intra-country level, the many recent models relating welfare distributions to growth and a variety of socioeconomic and political outcomes. This paper--a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to develop tools for the analysis of poverty and income distribution.

Micro-Level Estimation of Welfare
Micro-Level Estimation of Welfare

Author: Peter F. Lanjouw

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 57

ISBN-13:

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The authors construct and derive the properties of estimators of welfare that take advantage of the detailed information about living standards available in small household surveys and the comprehensive coverage of a census or large sample. By combining the strengths of each, the estimators can be used at a remarkably disaggregated level. They have a clear interpretation, are mutually comparable, and can be assessed for reliability using standard statistical theory.Using data from Ecuador, the authors obtain estimates of welfare measures, some of which are quite reliable for populations as small as 15,000 households - a quot;town.quot; They provide simple illustrations of their use. Such estimates open up the possibility of testing, at a more convincing intra-country level, the many recent models relating welfare distributions to growth and a variety of socioeconomic and political outcomes.This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to develop tools for the analysis of poverty and income distribution.

The Analysis of Household Surveys
The Analysis of Household Surveys

Author: Angus Deaton

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 492

ISBN-13: 9780801852541

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Using data from several countries, including Cote d'Ivoire, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Thailand, this book analyzes household survey data from developing countries and illustrates how such data can be used to cast light on a range of short-term and long-term policy issues.

Measuring Economic Welfare: What and How?
Measuring Economic Welfare: What and How?

Author: Mr.Marshall B Reinsdorf

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2020-05-18

Total Pages: 49

ISBN-13: 1513544586

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Calls for a more people-focused approach to statistics on economic performance, and concerns about inequality, environmental impacts, and effects of digitalization have put welfare at the top of the measurement agenda. This paper argues that economic welfare is a narrower concept than well-being. The new focus implies a need to prioritize filling data gaps involving the economic welfare indicators of the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA) and improving their quality, including the quality of the consumption price indexes. Development of distributional indicators of income, consumption, and wealth should also be a priority. Definitions and assumptions can have big effects on these indicators and should be documented. Concerns have also arisen over potentially overlooked welfare growth from the emergence of the digital economy. However, the concern that free online platforms are missing from nominal GDP is incorrect. Also, many of the welfare effects of digitalization require complementary indicators, either because they are conceptually outside the boundary of GDP or impossible to quantify without making uncertain assumptions.

Microsimulation as a Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies
Microsimulation as a Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies

Author: Amedeo Spadaro

Publisher: Fundacion BBVA

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 8496515176

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Los desarrollos en el ámbito de la investigación sobre la evaluación de políticas públicas están experimentando actualmente un gran avance. En este contexto, las técnicas de microsimulación -basadas en la representación del comportamiento de los individuos frente a cambios reales o hipotéticos en su entorno económico e institucional- han adquirido particular relevancia por su capacidad para evaluar a priori diferentes escenarios y facilitar la toma de decisiones. Las técnicas de simulación se realizan con modelos de absoluta precisión y exactitud que permiten estudiar y predecir el impacto y los efectos de una política sobre una muestra de individuos, familias o empresas representativa de la población total. Este libro presenta la microsimulación como técnica de evaluación de las políticas públicas, al mismo tiempo que propone una revisión razonada de los recientes avances. Una conclusión común es que, gracias a un modelo de microsimulación, es posible identificar la mejor política de redistribución posible (en el sentido de maximizar una determinada función de bienestar social). De manera general, mediante el uso de esta técnica es posible hacer complementarios los enfoques macro de equilibrio económico general y micro de simulación de los comportamientos individuales. La presente publicación ofrece una herramienta de referencia a investigadores, académicos, políticos y analistas.

Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation
Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation

Author: Monica Pratesi

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-02-23

Total Pages: 485

ISBN-13: 1118815017

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A comprehensive guide to implementing SAE methods for poverty studies and poverty mapping There is an increasingly urgent demand for poverty and living conditions data, in relation to local areas and/or subpopulations. Policy makers and stakeholders need indicators and maps of poverty and living conditions in order to formulate and implement policies, (re)distribute resources, and measure the effect of local policy actions. Small Area Estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in producing statistically sound estimates for poverty mapping. This book offers a comprehensive source of information regarding the use of SAE methods adapted to these distinctive features of poverty data derived from surveys and administrative archives. The book covers the definition of poverty indicators, data collection and integration methods, the impact of sampling design, weighting and variance estimation, the issue of SAE modelling and robustness, the spatio-temporal modelling of poverty, and the SAE of the distribution function of income and inequalities. Examples of data analyses and applications are provided, and the book is supported by a website describing scripts written in SAS or R software, which accompany the majority of the presented methods. Key features: Presents a comprehensive review of SAE methods for poverty mapping Demonstrates the applications of SAE methods using real-life case studies Offers guidance on the use of routines and choice of websites from which to download them Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation offers an introduction to advanced techniques from both a practical and a methodological perspective, and will prove an invaluable resource for researchers actively engaged in organizing, managing and conducting studies on poverty.

The Elephant's Ball
The Elephant's Ball

Author: Evelyne Johnson

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 1977-01-01

Total Pages: 41

ISBN-13: 0070326150

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Elephant holds a real dress-up ball for all her animal friends.

The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism

Author: Gosta Esping-Andersen

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-05-29

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 0745666752

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Few discussions in modern social science have occupied as much attention as the changing nature of welfare states in western societies. Gosta Esping-Andersen, one of the most distinguished contributors to current debates on this issue, here provides a new analysis of the character and role of welfare states in the functioning of contemporary advanced western societies. Esping-Andersen distinguishes several major types of welfare state, connecting these with variations in the historical development of different western countries. Current economic processes, the author argues, such as those moving towards a post-industrial order, are not shaped by autonomous market forces but by the nature of states and state differences. Fully informed by comparative materials, this book will have great appeal to everyone working on issues of economic development and post-industrialism. Its audience will include students and academics in sociology, economics and politics.

Poverty Alleviation Through Geographic Targeting
Poverty Alleviation Through Geographic Targeting

Author:

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13:

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"Using recently completed "poverty maps" for Cambodia, Ecuador, and Madagascar, the authors simulate the impact on poverty of transferring an exogenously given budget to geographically defined subgroups of the population according to their relative poverty status. They find large gains from targeting smaller administrative units, such as districts or villages. But these gains are still far from the poverty reduction that would be possible had the planners had access to information on household level income or consumption. The results suggest that a useful way forward might be to combine fine geographic targeting using a poverty map with within-community targeting mechanisms. This paper--a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to develop tools for the analysis of poverty and income distribution"--World Bank web site.

assessing asset indices
assessing asset indices

Author: Deon Filmer

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 63

ISBN-13:

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Abstract: This paper compares how results using various methods to construct asset indices match results using per capita expenditures. The analysis shows that inferences about inequalities in education, health care use, fertility, child mortality, as well as labor market outcomes are quite robust to the specific economic status measure used. The measures-most significantly per capita expenditures versus the class of asset indices-do not, however, yield identical household rankings. Two factors stand out in predicting the degree of congruence in rankings between per capita expenditures and an asset index. First is the extent to which per capita expenditures can be explained by observed household and community characteristics. In settings with small transitory shocks to expenditure, or with little measurement error in expenditure, the rankings yielded by the alternative approaches are most similar. Second is the extent to which expenditures are dominated by individually consumed goods such as food. Asset indices are typically derived from indicators of goods which are effectively public at the household level, while expenditures are often dominated by food, an almost exclusively private good. In settings where private goods such as food are the main component of expenditures, asset indices and per capita consumption yield the least similar results, although adjusting for economies of scale in household expenditures reconciles the results somewhat.