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Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Published:
Total Pages: 133
ISBN-13: 1428912339
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Published: 2000
Total Pages: 576
ISBN-13:
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Published: 2001
Total Pages: 0
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKSmokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military installations. This report discusses strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents on plant and animal species, including T & E species, and their ecosystems. It provides a general overview of sampling designs and statistical analysis procedures and lays a basic foundation for understanding: (1) principles of experimental design and statistical analysis procedures; (2) strengths and weaknesses of each design and analytical procedure; and (3) ecological and statistical rationale for selection of particular designs. Volume 1 of this report series will he an overview of methods examined in the series, their application, and applicable regulations. Volume 2 (CERL TR 97/140, September 1997) reviews methods for assessing ecological risks. Volume 4 (CERL TR 99/56, July 1999) discusses chemical analytical methods.
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Publisher:
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 0
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKSmokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may adversely affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military reservations. To evaluate if smokes and obscurants present a hazard to T & E species, the appropriate data must be collected. These data must be adequate to evaluate both direct ecological effects (effects to T & E species that result from direct exposure to smokes or smoke residues) and indirect ecological effects (effects on T & E species that result from effects of smokes on habitats of T & E species or on species upon which T & E species depend). This report presents an approach for the selection of methods suitable to evaluate the ecological risks that smokes and obscurants present to T & E species, summarizes available sampling, survey, and toxicity testing methods, and outlines an approach for estimating risks based on weighing multiple lines of evidence. Volume 1 of this series will be an overview of the entire study and will include information on applicable regulations. Volume 3 will discuss strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes and obscurants. Volume 4 will discuss appropriate chemical analysis methods.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 48
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSmokes. obscurants. and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may affect threatened and endangered (T & E) species that reside on military installations.
Author: Glenn W. Suter II
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 1992-10-23
Total Pages: 564
ISBN-13: 9780873718752
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecently, environmental scientists have been required to perform a new type of assessment-ecological risk assessment. This is the first book that explains how to perform ecological risk assessments and gives assessors access to the full range of useful data, models, and conceptual approaches they need to perform an accurate assessment. It explains how ecological risk assessment relates to more familiar types of assessments. It also shows how to organize and conduct an ecological risk assessment, including defining the source, selecting endpoints, describing the relevant features of the receiving environment, estimating exposure, estimating effects, characterizing the risks, and interacting with the risk manager. Specific technical topics include finding and selecting toxicity data; statistical and mathematical models of effects on organisms, populations, and ecosystems; estimation of chemical fate parameters; modeling of chemical transport and fate; estimation of chemical uptake by organisms; and estimation, propagation, and presentation of uncertainty. Ecological Risk Assessment also covers conventional risk assessments, risk assessments for existing contamination, large scale problems, exotic organisms, and risk assessments based on environmental monitoring. Environmental assessors at regulatory agencies, consulting firms, industry, and government labs need this book for its approaches and methods for ecological risk assessment. Professors in ecology and other environmental sciences will find the book's practical preparation useful for classroom instruction. Environmental toxicologists and chemists will appreciate the discussion of the utility for risk assessment of particular toxicity tests and chemical determinations.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Published: 2004-01-21
Total Pages: 365
ISBN-13: 9241546158
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis is the second edition of this publication which focuses on the public health aspects of the possible deliberate use of biological or chemical agents. Issues discussed include: the key principles for public health planning, risk assessment, hazard identification and evaluation, risk management strategies, and response planning as part of existing national emergency plans, disease surveillance and early warning systems, the national and international legal framework, and international sources of assistance. Technical annexes cover a range of issues including chemical agents, toxins, biological agents, principles of protection, precautions against the sabotage of drinking water, food and other products, information resources and the affiliation of WHO Member States to the international treaties on biological and chemical weapons.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1999-09-24
Total Pages: 107
ISBN-13: 0309184290
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Author: B. E. Sample
Publisher:
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 231
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Department of the Army
Publisher: CreateSpace
Published: 2014-04-29
Total Pages: 256
ISBN-13: 9781499295979
DOWNLOAD EBOOKField Manual (FM) 3-19.15 addresses continental United States (CONUS) and outside continental United States (OCONUS) civil disturbance operations. Today, United States (US) forces are deployed on peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and humanitarian assistance operations worldwide. During these operations, US forces are often faced with unruly and violent crowds intent on disrupting peace and the ability of US forces to maintain peace. Worldwide instability coupled with increasing US military participation in peacekeeping and related operations requires that US forces have access to the most current doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) necessary to quell riots and restore public order. In addition to covering civil unrest doctrine for OCONUS operations, FM 3-19.15 addresses domestic unrest and the military role in providing assistance to civil authorities requesting it for civil disturbance operations. It provides the commander and his staff guidance for preparing and planning for such operations. The principles of civil disturbance operations, planning and training for such operations, and the TTP employed to control civil disturbances and neutralize special threats are discussed in this manual. It also addresses special planning and preparation that are needed to quell riots in confinement facilities are also discussed. In the past, commanders were limited to the type of force they could apply to quell a riot. Riot batons, riot control agents, or lethal force were often used. Today, there is a wide array of nonlethal weapons (NLW) available to the commander that extends his use of force along the force continuum. This manual addresses the use of nonlethal (NL) and lethal forces when quelling a riot.
