Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in the Dilepton Final State Using the Matrix Element Method

Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in the Dilepton Final State Using the Matrix Element Method

Author: Alexander Grohsjean

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-10-01

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 364214070X

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The main pacemakers of scienti?c research are curiosity, ingenuity, and a pinch of persistence. Equipped with these characteristics a young researcher will be s- cessful in pushing scienti?c discoveries. And there is still a lot to discover and to understand. In the course of understanding the origin and structure of matter it is now known that all matter is made up of six types of quarks. Each of these carry a different mass. But neither are the particular mass values understood nor is it known why elementary particles carry mass at all. One could perhaps accept some small generic mass value for every quark, but nature has decided differently. Two quarks are extremely light, three more have a somewhat typical mass value, but one quark is extremely massive. It is the top quark, the heaviest quark and even the heaviest elementary particle that we know, carrying a mass as large as the mass of three iron nuclei. Even though there exists no explanation of why different particle types carry certain masses, the internal consistency of the currently best theory—the standard model of particle physics—yields a relation between the masses of the top quark, the so-called W boson, and the yet unobserved Higgs particle. Therefore, when one assumes validity of the model, it is even possible to take precise measurements of the top quark mass to predict the mass of the Higgs (and potentially other yet unobserved) particles.


Top Quark Physics at Hadron Colliders

Top Quark Physics at Hadron Colliders

Author: Arnulf Quadt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-16

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 3540710604

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This will be a required acquisition text for academic libraries. More than ten years after its discovery, still relatively little is known about the top quark, the heaviest known elementary particle. This extensive survey summarizes and reviews top-quark physics based on the precision measurements at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, as well as examining in detail the sensitivity of these experiments to new physics. Finally, the author provides an overview of top quark physics at the Large Hadron Collider.


Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass

Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass

Author: Jan Kieseler

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-06-15

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 3319400053

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This thesis presents the first experimental calibration of the top-quark Monte-Carlo mass. It also provides the top-quark mass-independent and most precise top-quark pair production cross-section measurement to date. The most precise measurements of the top-quark mass obtain the top-quark mass parameter (Monte-Carlo mass) used in simulations, which are partially based on heuristic models. Its interpretation in terms of mass parameters used in theoretical calculations, e.g. a running or a pole mass, has been a long-standing open problem with far-reaching implications beyond particle physics, even affecting conclusions on the stability of the vacuum state of our universe. In this thesis, this problem is solved experimentally in three steps using data obtained with the compact muon solenoid (CMS) detector. The most precise top-quark pair production cross-section measurements to date are performed. The Monte-Carlo mass is determined and a new method for extracting the top-quark mass from theoretical calculations is presented. Lastly, the top-quark production cross-sections are obtained – for the first time – without residual dependence on the top-quark mass, are interpreted using theoretical calculations to determine the top-quark running- and pole mass with unprecedented precision, and are fully consistently compared with the simultaneously obtained top-quark Monte-Carlo mass.


The Black Book of Quantum Chromodynamics

The Black Book of Quantum Chromodynamics

Author: John Campbell

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 760

ISBN-13: 0199652740

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This title provides an in-depth introduction to the particle physics of current and future experiments at particle accelerators. The text provides the reader with an overview of practically all aspects of the strong interaction necessary to understand and appreciate modern particle phenomenology at the energy frontier.


Physics at the Large Hadron Collider

Physics at the Large Hadron Collider

Author: Amitava Datta

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-05-30

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 8184892950

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In an epoch when particle physics is awaiting a major step forward, the Large Hydron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva will soon be operational. It will collide a beam of high energy protons with another similar beam circulation in the same 27 km tunnel but in the opposite direction, resulting in the production of many elementary particles some never created in the laboratory before. It is widely expected that the LHC will discover the Higgs boson, the particle which supposedly lends masses to all other fundamental particles. In addition, the question as to whether there is some new law of physics at such high energy is likely to be answered through this experiment. The present volume contains a collection of articles written by international experts, both theoreticians and experimentalists, from India and abroad, which aims to acquaint a non-specialist with some basic issues related to the LHC. At the same time, it is expected to be a useful, rudimentary companion of introductory exposition and technical expertise alike, and it is hoped to become unique in its kind. The fact that there is substantial Indian involvement in the entire LHC endeavour, at all levels including fabrication, physics analysis procedures as well as theoretical studies, is also amply brought out in the collection.


CMS Pixel Detector Upgrade and Top Quark Pole Mass Determination

CMS Pixel Detector Upgrade and Top Quark Pole Mass Determination

Author: Simon Spannagel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-01

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 331958880X

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This thesis addresses two different topics, both vital for implementing modern high-energy physics experiments: detector development and data analysis. Providing a concise introduction to both the standard model of particle physics and the basic principles of semiconductor tracking detectors, it presents the first measurement of the top quark pole mass from the differential cross-section of tt+J events in the dileptonic tt decay channel. The first part focuses on the development and characterization of silicon pixel detectors. To account for the expected increase in luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the pixel detector of the compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment is replaced by an upgraded detector with new front-end electronics. It presents comprehensive test beam studies conducted to verify the design and quantify the performance of the new front-end in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Furthermore, it proposes a new cluster interpolation method, which utilizes the third central moment of the cluster charge distribution to improve the position resolution. The second part of the thesis introduces an alternative measurement of the top quark mass from the normalized differential production cross-sections of dileptonic top quark pair events with an additional jet. The energy measurement is 8TeV. Using theoretical predictions at next-to-leading order in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the top quark pole mass is determined using a template fit method.


Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in the Dilepton Final State Using the Matrix Element Method

Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in the Dilepton Final State Using the Matrix Element Method

Author: Alexander Grohsjean

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9783642140716

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The top quark, discovered in 1995 at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, is the heaviest known elementary particle. The precise knowledge of its mass yields important constraints on the mass of the as-yet-undiscovered Higgs boson and allows one to probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. With an excellent adaptation of a novel measurement technique, described and applied here for the first time, the sensitivity to the top quark mass in the dilepton final state at the D0 experiment could be improved by more than 30%. Moreover, an extension to the method is presented which allows future measurements to significantly reduce the main limiting systematic uncertainty.


High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics

Author: Hesheng Chen

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2005-05-03

Total Pages: 1424

ISBN-13: 9814481270

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The 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics belongs to the Rochester Conference Series, and is the most important international conference in 2004 on high energy physics. The proceedings provide a comprehensive review on the recent developments in experimental and theoretical particle physics. The latest results on Top, Higgs search, CP violation, neutrino mixing, pentaquarks, heavy quark mesons and baryons, search for new particles and new phenomena, String theory, Extra dimension, Black hole and Lattice calculation are discussed extensively. The topics covered include not only those of main interest to the high energy physics community, but also recent research and future plans. Contents: Neutrino Masses and MixingsQuark Matter and Heavy Ion CollisionsParticle Astrophysics and CosmologyElectroweak PhysicsQCD Hard InteractionsQCD Soft InteractionsComputational Quantum Field TheoryCP Violation, Rare Kaon Decay and CKMR&D for Future Accelerator and DetectorHadron Spectroscopy and ExoticsHeavy Quark Mesons and BaryonsBeyond the Standard ModelString Theory Readership: Experimental and theoretical physicists and graduate students in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology.Keywords:High Energy Physics;Particle Physics;Electroweak;QCD;Heavy Quark;Neutrino;Particle Astrophysics;Hadron Spectroscopy;CP Violation;Quark Matter;Future Accelerator


Hadron Collider Physics 2005

Hadron Collider Physics 2005

Author: Mario Campanelli

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-17

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 3540328416

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This book gathers the proceedings of The Hadron Collider Physics Symposia (HCP) 2005, and reviews the state-of-the-art in the key physics directions of experimental hadron collider research. Topics include QCD physics, precision electroweak physics, c-, b-, and t-quark physics, physics beyond the Standard Model, and heavy ion physics. The present volume serves as a reference for everyone working in the field of accelerator-based high-energy physics.


Flavor Physics for the Millennium

Flavor Physics for the Millennium

Author: Jonathan L. Rosner

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 890

ISBN-13: 9789812811509

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This book is devoted to the broad subject of flavor physics, embracing the question of what distinguishes one type of elementary particles from another. The articles range from the forefront of formal theory (treating the physics of extra dimensions) to details of particle detectors. Although special emphasis is placed on the physics of kaons, charmed and beauty particles, top quarks, and neutrinos, the articles also dealing with electroweak physics, quantum chromodynamics, supersymmetry, and dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Violations of fundamental symmetries such as time reversal invariance are discussed in the context of neutral kaons, beauty particles, electric dipole moments, and parity violation in atoms. The physics of the CabibboOCoKobayashiOCoMaskawa matrix and of quark masses are described in some detail, both from the standpoint of present and future experimental knowledge and from a more fundamental viewpoint, where physicists are still searching for the correct theory. Contents: The Electroweak Theory (C Quigg); CP Violation (L Wolfenstein); Precision Electroweak Physics (Y-K Kim); Kaon and Charm Physics: Theory (G Buchalla); Kaon Physics: Experiments (T Barker); The Status of Mixing in the Charm Sector (J P Cumalat); Basics of QCD Perturbation Theory (D E Soper); Lattice QCD and the CKM Matrix (T DeGrand); The Strong CP Problem (M Dine); A Bibliography of Atomic Parity Violation and Electric Dipole Moment Experiments (C E Wieman); The CKM Matrix and the Heavy Quark Expansion (A F Falk); CP Violation in B Decays (J L Rosner); Lectures on the Theory of Nonleptonic B Decays (M Neubert); Asymmetrical e Collisions (A Roodman); Pathological Science (S Stone); Top Physics (E H Simmons); Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Oscillation (B Kayser); Flavor in Supersymmetry (H Murayama); Technicolor and Compositeness (R S Chivukula); Models of Fermion Masses (G G Ross); Physics of Extra Dimensions (J D Lykken). Readership: Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and senior researchers in high energy physics."