The trace formula is the most powerful tool currently available to establish liftings of automorphic forms, as predicted by Langlands principle of functionality. The geometric part of the trace formula consists of orbital integrals, and the lifting is based on the fundamental lemma. The latter is an identity of the relevant orbital integrals for the unit elements of the Hecke algebras. This volume concerns a proof of the fundamental lemma in the classically most interesting case of Siegel modular forms, namely the symplectic group Sp(2). These orbital integrals are compared with those on GL(4), twisted by the transpose inverse involution. The technique of proof is elementary. Compact elements are decomposed into their absolutely semi-simple and topologically unipotent parts also in the twisted case; a double coset decomposition of the form H\ G/K--where H is a subgroup containing the centralizer--plays a key role.
Homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three with a faithful real element. The algebras of the title are classified to exact isomorphism; that is, the sets of structure constants which arise from the given basis are completely determined. Other results describe all possible extensions (pre-images), with a faithful element which is not necessarily real, of certain simple homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three. On antisymmetric homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three. This paper determines the homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three in which the given basis has a faithful element and has no nontrivial elements that are either real (symmetric) or linear, and where an additional hypothesis is satisfied. It is shown that all such bases must occur as the set of orbit sums in the complex group algebra of a finite abelian group under the action of a fixed-point-free automorphism oforder three. Homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three with no nontrivial linear elements. The algebras of the title which also have a faithful element are determined to exact isomorphism. All of the simple homogeneous integral table algebras of degree three are displayed, and the commutative association schemes in which all the nondiagonal relations have valency three and where some relation defines a connected graph on the underlying set are classified up to algebraic isomorphism.
In this volume, the authors address the following: Let $A$ be a Banach algebra, and let $\sum\:\ 0\rightarrow I\rightarrow\frak A\overset\pi\to\longrightarrow A\rightarrow 0$ be an extension of $A$, where $\frak A$ is a Banach algebra and $I$ is a closed ideal in $\frak A$. The extension splits algebraically (respectively, splits strongly) if there is a homomorphism (respectively, continuous homomorphism) $\theta\: A\rightarrow\frak A$ such that $\pi\circ\theta$ is the identity on $A$. Consider first for which Banach algebras $A$ it is true that every extension of $A$ in a particular class of extensions splits, either algebraically or strongly, and second for which Banach algebras it is true that every extension of $A$ in a particular class which splits algebraically also splits strongly. These questions are closely related to the question when the algebra $\frak A$ has a (strong) Wedderburn decomposition. The main technique for resolving these questions involves the Banach cohomology group $\cal H2(A,E)$ for a Banach $A$-bimodule $E$, and related cohomology groups. Later chapters are particularly concerned with the case where the ideal $I$ is finite-dimensional. Results are obtained for many of the standard Banach algebras $A$.
This monograph presents a systematic study of Special Groups, a first-order universal-existential axiomatization of the theory of quadratic forms, which comprises the usual theory over fields of characteristic different from 2, and is dual to the theory of abstract order spaces. The heart of our theory begins in Chapter 4 with the result that Boolean algebras have a natural structure of reduced special group. More deeply, every such group is canonically and functorially embedded in a certain Boolean algebra, its Boolean hull. This hull contains a wealth of information about the structure of the given special group, and much of the later work consists in unveiling it. Thus, in Chapter 7 we introduce two series of invariants "living" in the Boolean hull, which characterize the isometry of forms in any reduced special group. While the multiplicative series--expressed in terms of meet and symmetric difference--constitutes a Boolean version of the Stiefel-Whitney invariants, the additive series--expressed in terms of meet and join--, which we call Horn-Tarski invariants, does not have a known analog in the field case; however, the latter have a considerably more regular behaviour. We give explicit formulas connecting both series, and compute explicitly the invariants for Pfister forms and their linear combinations. In Chapter 9 we combine Boolean-theoretic methods with techniques from Galois cohomology and a result of Voevodsky to obtain an affirmative solution to a long standing conjecture of Marshall concerning quadratic forms over formally real Pythagorean fields. Boolean methods are put to work in Chapter 10 to obtain information about categories of special groups, reduced or not. And again in Chapter 11 to initiate the model-theoretic study of the first-order theory of reduced special groups, where, amongst other things we determine its model-companion. The first-order approach is also present in the study of some outstanding classes of morphisms carried out in Chapter 5, e.g., the pure embeddings of special groups. Chapter 6 is devoted to the study of special groups of continuous functions.
The main purpose of this paper is to prove the existence, and in some cases the uniqueness, of unitarily invariant measures on formal completions of groups associated to affine Kac-Moody algebras, and associated homogeneous spaces. The basic invariant measure is a natural generalization of Haar measure for a simply connected compact Lie group, and its projection to flag spaces is a generalization of the normalized invariant volume element. The other "invariant measures" are actually measures having values in line bundles over these spaces; these bundle-valued measures heuristically arise from coupling the basic invariant measure to Hermitian structures on associated line bundles, but in this infinite dimensional setting they are generally singular with respect to the basic invariant measure.
In this work, the author examines the following: When the Hamiltonian system $m i \ddot{q} i + (\partial V/\partial q i) (t,q) =0$ with periodicity condition $q(t+T) = q(t),\; \forall t \in \germ R$ (where $q {i} \in \germ R{\ell}$, $\ell \ge 3$, $1 \le i \le n$, $q = (q {1},...,q {n})$ and $V = \sum V {ij}(t,q {i}-q {j})$ with $V {ij}(t,\xi)$ $T$-periodic in $t$ and singular in $\xi$ at $\xi = 0$) is posed as a variational problem, the corresponding functional does not satisfy the Palais-Smale condition and this leads to the notion of critical points at infinity. This volume is a study of these critical points at infinity and of the topology of their stable and unstable manifolds. The potential considered here satisfies the strong force hypothesis which eliminates collision orbits. The details are given for 4-body type problems then generalized to n-body type problems.
Two methods of constructing infinitely many isomorphically distinct $\mathcal L_p$-spaces have been published. In this volume, the author shows that these constructions yield very different spaces and in the process develop methods for dealing with these spaces from the isomorphic viewpoint.
