How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2019-06-16

Total Pages: 175

ISBN-13: 0309486483

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The opioid crisis in the United States has come about because of excessive use of these drugs for both legal and illicit purposes and unprecedented levels of consequent opioid use disorder (OUD). More than 2 million people in the United States are estimated to have OUD, which is caused by prolonged use of prescription opioids, heroin, or other illicit opioids. OUD is a life-threatening condition associated with a 20-fold greater risk of early death due to overdose, infectious diseases, trauma, and suicide. Mortality related to OUD continues to escalate as this public health crisis gathers momentum across the country, with opioid overdoses killing more than 47,000 people in 2017 in the United States. Efforts to date have made no real headway in stemming this crisis, in large part because tools that already existâ€"like evidence-based medicationsâ€"are not being deployed to maximum impact. To support the dissemination of accurate patient-focused information about treatments for addiction, and to help provide scientific solutions to the current opioid crisis, this report studies the evidence base on medication assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD. It examines available evidence on the range of parameters and circumstances in which MAT can be effectively delivered and identifies additional research needed.

Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions
Stockley's Herbal Medicines Interactions

Author: Elizabeth M. Williamson

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 9780853697602

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This book contains data on over 150 of the most commonly used herbal medicines, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions
Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Author: Joseph I. Boullata

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-03-17

Total Pages: 823

ISBN-13: 160327362X

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Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is an essential new work that provides a scientific look behind many drug-nutrient interactions, examines their relevance, offers recommendations, and suggests research questions to be explored. In the five years since publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions new perspectives have emerged and new data have been generated on the subject matter. Providing both the scientific basis and clinical relevance with appropriate recommendations for many interactions, the topic of drug-nutrient interactions is significant for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians in particular, the book offers a guide for understanding, identifying or predicting, and ultimately preventing or managing drug-nutrient interactions to optimize patient care. Divided into six sections all chapters have been revised or are new to this edition. Chapters balance the most technical information with practical discussions and include outlines that reflect the content; discussion questions that can guide the reader to the critical areas covered in each chapter, complete definitions of terms with the abbreviation fully defined and consistent use of terms between chapters. The editors have performed an outstanding service to clinical pharmacology and pharmaco-nutrition by bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of authors. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is a comprehensive up-to-date text for the total management of patients on drug and/or nutrition therapy but also an insight into the recent developments in drug-nutrition interactions which will act as a reliable reference for clinicians and students for many years to come.

Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia

Author: Eckhart R. Straube

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 3642743080

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Schizophrenia remains the most complex, puzzling, and because of its tendency towards chronicity, the most severe of the mental disorders. It is a very heterogeneous disorder characterized by extreme disruptions of thought, per ception, behavior, and emotion. About I % of the population worldwide will experience at least one schizophrenic episode. Most of the patients will have a number of exacerbations leading in about 30% of cases to a chronic residual state, due either to the illness itself or to psychosocial environmental factors, or-most likely-to the interaction of both. Given the enormous personal hardship for patients and their relatives as well as the staggering costs of the illness for our societies, research in schizo phrenia has become the number one priority in many countries, especially in the United States. However, research on the etiology of schizophrenia has failed to establish a single causal factor, and it is nowadays accepted to be multifactorial. A combjnation of biological predisposition and enviromnental circumstances is assumed to be necessary for the manifestation of the illness. This shift in orientation away from an either/or (biological or environmental, e.g., family interaction) point of view, as evident in the work of the 1950s and 1960s, was certainly desirable to encourage research.

Dementias
Dementias

Author: S. Govoni

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 8847021499

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To a certain extent the dementias have been forgotten diseases until just recen tly when they were brought to the attention of the general public and health authorities as a result of the increasing number of cases in the aging popula tion, especially among famous people, and because of the efforts of private foundations. The goals of the present volume are to present the dementias to health prac titioners, to provide some basic information on their epidemiology and biolo gical basis and to discuss the diagnostic and clinical problems that physicians and institutions face when caring for demented patients. This book explores the various types of dementias and is not limited to Alzheimer's disease although, as expected, more information is available and presented on this pathology. On the other hand, a few fundamental questions on dementia can only be answe red through a comparison of the various forms. Examples of such questions are the following: Is the loss of cerebral tissue sufficient to cause dementia? Are there thresholds or is there a continuous progression toward the irreversible development of dementia? Are there common pathways in the dementing pro cess? Are there common risk factors? Comparative analysis allows the common and distinctive patterns of the various dementias to be defined, ultimately lea ding to more focused therapeutic interventions.

Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

Author: Robert G. Voigt

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 590

ISBN-13: 9781581106862

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All-new clinical resource for managing children with developmental and behavioral concerns. Developed by leading experts in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, the all-new AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics gives one place to turn for expert recommendations to deliver, coordinate, and/or monitor quality developmental/behavioral care within the medical home. The one resource with all the essentials for pediatric primary care providers. Evaluation and care initiation: Interviewing and counseling, Surveillance and screening, Psychoeducational testing, Neurodevelopment.

Empathy in Patient Care
Empathy in Patient Care

Author: Mohammadreza Hojat

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-11-12

Total Pages: 303

ISBN-13: 0387336087

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Human beings, regardless of age, sex, or state of health, are designed by evolution to form meaningful interpersonal relationships through verbal and nonverbal communication. The theme that empathic human connections are beneficial to the body and mind underlies all 12 chapters of this book, in which empathy is viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes evolutionary biology; neuropsychology; clinical, social, developmental, and educational psychology; and health care delivery and education.

Methods and Applications in Implementation Science
Methods and Applications in Implementation Science

Author: Mary E. Northridge

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.