For years academicians and marketing directors have debated the marketing standardisation versus adaptation of international marketing strategy. Despite the great importance of the topic, the debate remains unresolved. At the same time, the continuing globalisation of markets and the growing importance of the emerging BRIC markets make an optimal management of international marketing efforts a necessity. Therefore, this study offers - on the basis of a solid theoretical framework and sound methodological operationalization - empirical findings on how to successfully manage both, the international marketing mix and the related marketing process in world markets. In particular, the marketing strategy pursued by multinational corporations are analysed and compared as well as empirical findings relating to financial and non-financial performance measures are provided.
Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2, University of Manchester, language: English, abstract: The core of a firm’s international operations is a product or service. This can be defined as the complex of tangible and intangible elements that distinguishes it from the other entities in the marketplace (Czinkota, Rinkainen, 1995: 262). Product can be defined as: “it’s a bundle of satisfactions (or utilities) the buyer receives. This includes its form, taste, colour, odour and texture; how it functions in use; the package; the label; the warranty; manufacturer’s and retailer’s servicing; the confidence or prestige enjoyed by the brand; the manufacturer’s reputation; the country of origin; and any other symbolic utility received from the possession or use of the goods” (Cateora, Graham, 1999: 355-356). The success of the firm depends on how it’s possible to differentiate from other competitors. But the key factors of success can vary from one country to another country. Therefore for the firm it is important to choose the right strategy between the product adaptation and product standardisation. Product adaptation means that the firm adapts the product to the local markets. It is the process of modifying products for different countries and regions or designing new products for foreign markets. Product standardisation means that the firm sells and advertises a standardized product in the international context. But which strategy is the better one? In the following the author wants to explain the different advantages and disadvantages and work out, which strategy is the best for certain situations because it depends on the situation which strategy is better.
This book has been written for experienced managers and students in postgraduate programs, such as MBA or specialized master’s programs. In a systematic yet concise manner, it addresses all major issues companies face when conducting business across national and cultural boundaries, including assessing and selecting the most promising overseas markets, evaluating market entry alternatives, and examining the forces that drive adaptation versus standardization of the marketing mix. It looks at the various global marketing challenges from a strategic perspective and also addresses topics not usually found in international marketing texts, such as aligning marketing strategies with global organizational structures and managing the relationship between national subsidiaries, regional headquarters, and global headquarters, as well as corporate social responsibility challenges and pertinent future trends that are likely to affect global business. A guide to suitable video resources giving additional background to this book can be downloaded by all readers by contacting the author. Instructors can also obtain additional support material for teaching. Please email Bodo Schlegelmilch at WU Vienna, using your institutional email and stating your university affiliation: - More than 400 PowerPoint slides covering the material in each chapter- Open Ended Questions - A comprehensive multiple choice test bank with solutions
This reader deals with the environment, external and internal strategic dimensions and implementation considerations from the viewpoint of the new entrant into the international market. Exporting, from the standpoint of both smaller and medium-sized firms, is given primary emphasis. Features: * Theoretical and pragmatic viewpoints are reflected, to encourage a thorough understanding of foreign market entry requirements, opportunities and strategies. * The first section, on the environment, outlines the growing interdependencies and linkages that make all firms part of international marketing. Trading blocs and international trade relationships are illustrated using the EC, the former communist bloc, the U.S. and Japan as examples. * Government assistance to firms in the start-up phase of international market entry is highlighted in the second section. These chapters include overviews of export promotion, with detail on who is helped and who isn't. * Chapter 8 presents a detailed study of a state government's efforts in export promotion. * Part 3 studies the factors affecting a firm's decision to internationalize or not. It also deals with the challenges that might be unfamiliar to
This book presents theories and case studies for corporations in developed nations, including Japan, for designing strategies to maximize opportunities and minimize threats in business expansion into developing nations. The case studies featured here focus on Asia, including China and India, and use examples of Japanese manufacturers. Five case studies are provided, including Hitachi Construction Machinery and Shiseido in China and Maruti Suzuki in India. These cases facilitate the reader’s understanding of the business environments in emerging economies. This volume is especially recommended for business people responsible for international business development, particularly in China and India. In addition, the book serves as a useful resource for students in graduate-level courses in international management.
Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Society, globally, has entered into what might be called the “service economy.” Services now constitute the largest share of GDP in most countries and provide the major source of employment in both developed and developing countries. Services permeate all aspects of peoples’ lives and are becoming inseparable from most aspects of economic activity. “Quality management” has been a dominating managerial practice since World War II. With quality management initially associated with manufacturing industries, one might assume the relevance of quality management might decrease with the emergence of the service economy. To the contrary, the emergence of the service economy strengthened the importance of quality issues, which no longer are associated only with manufacturing industries but are increasingly applied in all service sectors, as well. Today, we talk not only about product or service quality but have even expanded the framework of quality to quality of life and quality of environment. Thus, quality and services have emerged in parallel as closely interrelated fields. The Encyclopedia of Quality and the Service Economy explores such relevant questions as: What are the characteristics, nature, and definitions of quality and services? How do we define quality of products, quality of services, or quality of life? How are services distinguished from goods? How do we measure various aspects of quality and services? How can products and service quality be managed most effectively and efficiently? What is the role of customers in creation of values? These questions and more are explored within the pages of this two-volume, A-to-Z reference work.
Back Cover Copy-Usunier "This book is noteworthy in its content and approach as well as in generating class discussion on intercultural marketing relations, exchange, and communications. With the diversity in world markets and the importance of having locally-specific understanding of markets and consumers, it is a welcome resource for teaching students who can either relate it to their own intercultural experiences or who have never had intercultural experiences themselves." Guliz Ger, Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, Bilkent University, Turkey International marketing relationships have to be built on solid foundations. Transaction costs in international trade are high--only a stable and firmly established link between business people can enable them to overcome disagreements and conflicts of interest. "Marketing Across Cultures, 4e" uses a successful two-stage cultural approach to explore International Marketing. - A cross-cultural approach which compares marketing systems and local commercial customs in various countries - An inter-cultural approach which studies the interaction between business peoples of different national cultures "I used "Marketing Across Cultures" in courses in five different countries with students from more than 35 nations. The book provides a stimulating view on international marketing issues and at the same time allows in an excellent way to sensitize and train students for intercultural work, which has become the norm for most medium-sized and large companies." Prof. Dr. Hartmut H. Holzmuller., Chair of Marketing Universityof Dortmund, Germany Invaluable to all undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA students studying International Marketing and for marketing practitioners who wish to improve their cultural awareness, "Marketing Across Cultures, 4e" is essential reading. New to This Edition! Rewritten extensively in an effort to make the book as accessible as possible, co-author Julie Lee from Australia helps bring a Euro-Australasian perspective to the table. New materials includes: - The internet revolution and its impact on international marketing - Additional web references that allow in-depth and updated access to cultural and business information - New cases with web-based references, including Muslim Cola (Chapter 6), Bollywood (Chapter 8), BrandUSA: Selling Uncle Sam Like Uncle Ben's? (Chapter 14) and more! To access the robust web materials go to: www.booksites.net/usunier. Jean-Claude Usunier is a professor of Marketing and International Business at the University of Lausanne - Graduate School of Commerce (HEC) and at the University Louis-Pasteur (Strasbourg, France). Julie Lee is a Senior Lecturer in Marketing at the Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia.
