Maritime Antitrust
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law
Publisher:
Published: 1983
Total Pages: 236
ISBN-13:
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law
Publisher:
Published: 1983
Total Pages: 236
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Paul S. Clyde
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Published: 1995
Total Pages: 61
ISBN-13: 142895435X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law
Publisher:
Published: 1983
Total Pages: 248
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher:
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 166
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Luis Ortiz Blanco
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Published: 2007-06-26
Total Pages: 698
ISBN-13: 1847313655
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLiner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.
Author: Antōnios M. Antapasēs
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 417
ISBN-13: 9004173951
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMaritime competition as an economic phenomenon is currently influenced by a number of factors both at EU and international level. From a legislative point of view, the recent repeal of EC Reg. 4056/1986 affects the treatment of horizontal agreements not only in the liner but also in the bulk sector, which was excluded until recently from the scope of EC secondary competition rules. However, competition distortions are not only a question of private arrangements. They emanate also from measures and practices incompatible with the freedom to provide services, Member states protectionism and international mandatory regulation. This volume comparatively and comprehensively examines all these issues, by bringing together contributions from distinguished academics. Particular focus is given on private shipping cartels, the liberalization of cabotage and port services, indirect competition-distorting factors and the latest developments on international regulation of carriage of goods by sea.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher:
Published: 1960
Total Pages: 1196
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCommittee Serial No. 14. pt. 1/v.1: Examines the ocean freight industry antitrust law exemptions on an individual case basis to determine levels of domestic noncompetitive shipping activities caused by the dual rate system used for conference and nonconference carriers. Includes submitted correspondence and statistics on shipping companies' operations (p. 186-1014). Hearing was held in NYC; pt. 1/v.2: Continuation of hearings on antitrust law exemptions in the ocean freight industry. Includes submitted correspondence and statistics on shipping companies' operation; pt. 1/v.4: Continuation of hearings examining monopoly within federally regulated industries. Focuses on the ocean freight industry and the need for additional regulation of federally chartered steamship conference rates and independent shippers rates. Includes numerous statistical insertions on shipping company operations; pt. 1/v.5: Continuation of hearings on purported shipping industry monopolistic practices; pt. 2/v.1: Continuation of hearings on antitrust problems in the ocean freight industry; pt. 2/v.2: Continuation of hearings on monopoly problems in the ocean freight shipping industry; pt. 3/v.1: Committee Serial No. 10. Continuation of investigation into allegations of antitrust violations by the ocean freight industry through use of secret gentlemen's agreements, discriminatory anticompetitive practices, and violations of conference agreements; pt. 3/v.2: Continuation of investigation into ocean freight shipping industry anticompetitive practices.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher:
Published: 1962
Total Pages: 200
ISBN-13:
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Publisher:
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAlthough the FMC does not itself grant the antitrust exemption that Congress has provided to certain ocean liners in a series of shipping acts, the agency's reauthorization might provide an opportunity for Congress to reconsider the current viability of that exemption, which dates back to the early 1900s. [...] This exemption dates back to the early 1900s, beginning with the Shipping Act of 1916,2 and has been continued through the present in the 1961 amendments to that act,3 the Shipping Act of 1984,4 and the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 (OSRA).5 Permission to engage in joint pricing activity was thought necessary to stabilize rates and service in liner shipping. [...] The conference carriers would share in the losses of the fighting ship until the new entrant was forced out of the trade or agreed to join the conference. [...] The act created the U. S. Shipping Board, a predecessor to today's FMC, to regulate the activities of the conferences. [...] The Shipping Act of 1984 was passed in the context of a move towards deregulation that occurred in other modes of transportation in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher:
Published: 1960
Total Pages: 1076
ISBN-13:
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