[PDF] Full Mapping Coastal Surface Winds In Monterey Bay Using High Frequency Radar Download eBook

Mapping Coastal Surface Winds in Monterey Bay Using High Frequency Radar

Author: Raymond R. Delgado, III

Publisher:

Published: 1999-03-01

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 9781423545019

Over-water wind directions derived from high frequency (HF) radar - the new Multi-frequency Coastal Radar (MCR) - are compared to in-situ observations to determine the skill of the radar measurements. Conventional beam processing of data collected from two MCR sites located around Monterey Bay during summer 1997 is used to create wind directions based on the relative strength of the positive and negative Bragg-resonant peaks, which correspond to the wind-driven waves approaching and receding from the radar, respectively. Based on a selected functional relationship that converts the radar signal to wind direction, radar-derived wind directions are created using a new wind- retrieval algorithm and are compared to mooring observations under a variety of wind conditions. Analysis indicates that the signal not only follows wind direction, but also strongly correlates to the wind speed measured at the mooring. Results show that many of the Bragg peaks are close to the noise level, and consequently, low signal-to-noise ratios restrict the statistical confidence of the measurements. Nonetheless, maps of radar-derived wind directions show good agreement with in situ observations, especially when the wind speed is relatively strong and is sustained for long duration.

Evolution of Diurnal Surface Winds and Surface Currents for Monterey Bay

Author: Michael D. Foster

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13:

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The diurnal-period fluctuations of winds and surface currents are analyzed for September 1992 in and around Monterey Bay. Wind records are compared for three coastal stations and two mooring sites. Remotely-sensed surface current observations from two CODAR (HF radar) sites are used to explore the ocean's response to diurnal-period forcing. An average diurnal cycle is formed at each wind station and at all CODAR bins. The earliest sea breeze response is seen at the coastal wind stations where morning winds accelerate toward the coastal mountain ranges. A few hours later, the coastal winds accelerate to the southeast down the Salinas Valley. Offshore afternoon winds rotate from their normal alongshore orientation to also become aligned with the valley. The CODAR-derived surface currents respond in less than the two-hour sampling rate to the onset of the diurnal onshore winds. Currents accelerate in the direction of the Salinas Valley. As the day progresses, the more offshore currents rotate clockwise out from under the winds in a possible Ekman or inertial adjustment that continues throughout the night and spreads onshore. In the afternoon, a complicated eddy pattern develops near shore in a possible response to the coastal boundary.

Measuring Ocean Currents

Author: Antony Joseph

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2013-08-12

Total Pages: 447

ISBN-13: 0123914280

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Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection. - Coverage of measurement, mapping and profiling techniques - Descriptions of technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures - Reviews crucial aspects of ocean currents, including special emphasis on the planet-spanning thermohaline circulation, known as the ocean's "conveyor belt," and its crucial role in climate change

IGARSS'99 Proceedings

Author: Tammy I. Stein

Publisher: Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE)

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 828

ISBN-13:

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The theme of IGARSS'99, Remote Sensing of the System Earth - A Challenge for the 21st Century, reflects the expectation that earth observation based on satellite remote sensing can significantly contribute to the future study of our environment and the changes it is undergoing, whether from natural causes or human activities. The wide range of topics suggested for presentation is not only an indication of the interdisciplinary nature of this complex task, it also implies an essential need for integrated approaches in remote sensing in order to meet the challenge of modeling and understanding a system as complex as our environment.

Oceanobs'19: An Ocean of Opportunity. Volume III

Author: Tong Lee

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-12-31

Total Pages: 867

ISBN-13: 2889631206

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements

Author: Thomas Foken

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-11-09

Total Pages: 1761

ISBN-13: 3030521710

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This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.