The book provides a comprehensive coverage of a burning issue faced by the banking industry in India, namely, the problem of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs). The book elucidates the theoretical exposition of NPAs in the first instance. It also demystifies the trends in movement of NPAs and thereby expounds efficiency in NPA management by Public Sector Banks, PSBs, in India. Recognising the inevitable and festering nature of the problem, the author has come out, inter alia, with a data-driven approach to measure financial performance and thereby assessed impact of the problem on different performance areas of banks. The book also investigates the major factors causing the problem of NPAs of the Indian PSBs. Finally, the author provides certain recommendations for the banks and the government that can help manage NPAs and strengthen the banking industry in the country.
This paper assesses the vulnerability of emerging markets and their banks to aggregate shocks. We find significant links between banks' asset quality, credit and macroeconomic aggregates. Lower economic growth, an exchange rate depreciation, weaker terms of trade and a fall in debt-creating capital inflows reduce credit growth while loan quality deteriorates. Particularly noteworthy is the sharp deterioration of balance sheets following a reversal of portfolio inflows. We also find evidence of feedback effects from the financial sector on the wider economy. GDP growth falls after shocks that drive non-performing loans higher or generate a contraction in credit. This analysis was used in chapter 1 of the Global Financial Stability Report (September 2011) to help evaluate the sensitivity of banks' capital adequacy ratios to macroeconomic and funding cost shocks.
Scientific Study from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering (Department of Management Studies), course: Non Performing Assets, Banking, language: English, abstract: Non-performing assets (NPA) are the loans given by a bank or a financial institution where in the borrower defaults or delays interest and / principal payment. The management of NPAs therefore, is a very important part of credit management of banks and financial institutions in the Country. Currently NPA estimates in India are predominantly obtained from figures published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). However it would be helpful for banks and financial institutions to have an estimate of the NPA as soon as loan amounts are disbursed. This study attempted to develop a predictive model for the NPA% at both the gross and net level from the total assets of one of India's largest public banks. A strong correlation was observed between gross and net NPA% and the total assets suggesting that estimates of gross and net NPA can be made from total assets. Linear and non linear models were fit to predict the NPA% from the total assets. A non linear model linking both Gross and net NPA to total assets provided the best curve fit and the least deviation from actual values. Thus by simply looking at the banks total assets an overall picture of the banks NPA level can be ascertained.
Over the last decade, Indian banks in general and the government-owned public sector ones in particular have gradually got themselves into a big mess. Their bad loans, or loans which haven't been repaid for ninety days or more, crossed Rs 10 lakh crore as of 31 March 2018. To put it in perspective, this figure is approximately seven times the value of farm loan waivers given by all state governments in India put together. And this became the bad money of the Indian financial system. Why were the corporates unable to return these loans? Was it because they had no intention of doing so?Who were the biggest defaulters of them all? Are Vijay Mallya and Nirav Modi just the tip of the iceberg?How much money has the government spent trying to rescue these banks?How are the private sector banks gradually taking over Indian banking?Is your money in public sector banks safe?How are you paying for this in different ways?And what are the solutions to deal with this? In Bad Money, Vivek Kaul answers these and many more questions, peeling layer after layer of the NPA (non-performing assets) problem. He goes back to the history of Indian banking, providing a long, deep and hard look at the overall Indian economy. The result is a gripping financial thriller that is a must for understanding a crisis that threatens our banking system and economy.
The 4th Special Report in the Geneva Reports on the World Economy series reviews the current status of bail-ins and bank resolution in Europe. It first provides a critical comparison of the US and EU bank resolution rules, including the underlying similarities, differences and enhancement points of both frameworks. It then goes on to focus on European banking failures, providing estimates of taxpayer costs and considering the hypothetical application of stronger private sector bail-in consistent with the spirit of the Bank Resolution and Recovery Directive. The report ends with a number of policy recommendations concerning governance, stress testing, cross-border issues and resolution of financial contracts.
India needs to spend close to Rs43 trillion (about $646 billion) on infrastructure through to 2022. Such a staggering requirement cannot be met though traditional sources such as public sector bank loans. India must immediately explore and quickly ramp up financing from alternative investment sources. This report provides an overview of infrastructure financing in India, sheds light on the challenges faced by the country's banking sector, suggests an optimal mechanism for securitizing the infrastructure assets of public sector banks, and outlines a range of scenarios and factors that must be in place for this mechanism to be successfully realized.
This paper traces the story of Indian financial sector over the period 1950–2015. In identifying the trends and turns of Indian financial sector, the paper adopts a three period classification viz., (a) the 1950s and 1960s, which exhibited some elements of instability associated with laissez faire but underdeveloped banking; (b) the 1970s and 1980s that experienced the process of financial development across the country under government auspices, accompanied by a degree of financial repression; and (c) the period since the 1990s till date, that has been characterized by gradual and calibrated financial deepening and liberalization. Focusing more the third period, the paper argues that as a consequence of successive reforms over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in making interest and exchange rates largely market determined, though the exchange rate regime remains one of managed float, and some interest rates remain administered. Considerable competition has been introduced in the banking sector through new private sector banks, but public sector banks continue have a dominant share in the market. Contractual savings systems have been improved, but pension funds in India are still in their infancy. Similarly, despite the introduction of new private sector insurance companies coverage of insurance can expand much further, which would also provide greater depth to the financial markets. The extent of development along all the segments of the financial market has not been uniform. While the equity market is quite developed, activities in the private debt market are predominantly confined to private placement form and continue to be limited to the bluechip companies. Going forward, the future areas for development in the Indian financial sector would include further reduction of public ownership in banks and insurance companies, expansion of the contractual savings system through more rapid expansion of the insurance and pension systems, greater spread of mutual funds, and development of institutional investors. It is only then that both the equity and debt markets will display greater breadth as well as depth, along with greater domestic liquidity. At the same time, while reforming the financial sector, the Indian authorities had to constantly keep the issues of equity and efficiency in mind.
Abstract: "The authors jointly analyze the static, selection, and dynamic effects of domestic, foreign, and state ownership on bank performance. They argue that it is important to include indicators of all the relevant governance effects in the same model. "Nonrobustness" checks (which purposely exclude some indicators) support this argument. Using data from Argentina in the 1990s, their strongest and most robust results concern state ownership. State-owned banks have poor long-term performance (static effect), those undergoing privatization had particularly poor performance beforehand (selection effect), and these banks dramatically improved following privatization (dynamic effect. However, much of the measured improvement is likely due to placing nonperforming loans into residual entities, leaving "good" privatized banks."--World Bank web site.
The book deals with the problem of Non-Performing Advances (NPAs) in public sector banks and its impact on the banks' books, banking and financial system of the economy. Recognizing the inevitable and festering nature of the problem, the author has come out, inter alia, with a statistical model as an innovative, simple and practical solution to contain NPA formation to ensure a strong balance sheet for banks and improved image of the borrowers. The author claims that the solution will prove to be a win-win situation for all stakeholders of banks including the economy, and its constituents Government, shareholders, depositors, borrowers, employees and others. Salient Features Changes brought about in banks under Banking Sector Reforms. • Emergence of NPAs in banks. • Problem of NPAs: Its causes and effects. • Performance of Public sector banks on management of NPAs. • Impact of NPAs on the economy, banks’ balance sheets and profit and loss accounts. • Suggestions to contain NPAs from the angles of banks, borrowers, Government, Regulator and others. • A Statistical Model developed to contain formation of NPAs, strengthen banks' balance sheets and develop an emotional rapport between banks and borrowers.
Credit Risk Management is occupying centre stage in Indian commerce at the moment especially in the commercial banking industry mainly due to the heightened focus of the international regulatory authorities. This book covers all the important facets of credit risk in an integrated manner, with an added emphasis on the internal credit rating mechanism, industry profile studies and credit audit, with examples/case studies relevant in the Indian context. These aspects are considered to be the pillars of an enterprise-wide credit risk management architecture under Basel Accord II.
