Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1996

Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1996

Author: David Albright

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13:

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Plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) are the basic materials used in nuclear weapons. Plutonium also plays an important part in the generation of nuclear electricity. Knowing how much plutonium and HEU exists, where and in which form is vital for international security and nuclear commerce. This book is a thorough revision of the World Inventory of Plutonium and highly Enriched Uranium, 1992. It provides a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of the amounts of plutonium and HEU in military and civilian programmes, in nuclear and non-nuclear weapon states, and in countries seeking to acquire nuclear weapons. The capibilities that exist for producing these materials around the world are examined in depth, as are the policy issues raised by them. Containing much new information, this book is indispensable to all those concerned with the great contemporary issues in international nuclear relations: arms reductions in the nuclear weapon states, nuclear proliferation, nuclear smuggling, the roles of plutonium and enriched uranium in the nuclear fuel-cycle, and the disposition of surplus weapon material.


Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program

Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program

Author: David Albright

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2016-09-24

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 9781536845655

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In 1989, South Africa made the momentous decision to abandon its nuclear weapons, making it the first and still the only country that has produced nuclear weapons and given them up. Over thirty years, the apartheid regime had created a remarkably sophisticated capability to build nuclear weapons-both the nuclear warhead and advanced military systems to deliver them. The program was born in secret and remained so until its end. The government initially sought to dismantle it in secret. It hoped to avoid any negative international consequences of possessing nuclear weapons. The apartheid government's strategy did not work, because too many intelligence agencies knew about South Africa's nuclear weapons. Faced with intense pressure, South Africa's President F.W. de Klerk reversed course and adopted a policy of transparency in 1993. However, he decided to hide many of its aspects. Nonetheless, most of the remaining secrets emerged over the ensuing 25 years. Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program draws on previously secret information to provide the first comprehensive, technically-oriented look at South Africa's nuclear weapons program; how it grew, evolved, and ended. It also finds lessons for today's nuclear proliferation cases.


Energy Research Abstracts

Energy Research Abstracts

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 992

ISBN-13:

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Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.


Materials Thermochemistry

Materials Thermochemistry

Author: Oswald Kubaschewski

Publisher: Pergamon

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13:

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Materials Thermochemistry, the 6th Edition of Metallurgical Thermochemistry, aims to demonstrate the central role of thermochemistry in the understanding and designing of materials and materials processes. Extensively revised and up-dated, the 6th Edition of this classic work includes all the latest developments in experimental methods, new methods for estimating thermochemical data for both pure and alloy substances, new practical applications of thermochemical calculations, and up-dated tables of critically evaluated thermochemical data for inorganic substances and binary alloy systems. The basic principles of chemical thermodynamics are presented in a straightforward way with many examples of the use of thermochemical calculations in solving a variety of materials' problems. Although thermodynamics is an established field, this 6th Edition presents the newest experimental methods and calculations of complex equilibria associated with the most recent materials and environmental considerations (e.g. environmental pollution). This text is suitable for graduates and undergraduates alike and provides basic information necessary for researchers to apply thermochemical principles and data to the optimization of materials and materials processes.


Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report

Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report

Author: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)

Publisher: United Nations

Published: 2017-04-25

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 9210600029

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This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.


Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization

Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher: IAEA

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13:

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Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.


Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (VISTA)

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (VISTA)

Author: International Atomic Energy Agency

Publisher: IAEA

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13:

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The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (VISTA) is a simulation system which estimates long term nuclear fuel cycle material and service requirements as well as the material arising from the operation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities and nuclear power reactors. It is a scenario based simulation tool which can model several nuclear fuel cycle options including existing nuclear power reactor types and future possible reactor types. The past operations of the power reactors and fuel cycle facilities can be modelled in the system, in order to estimate the current amount of spent fuel stored or total Pu in stored spent fuel. It can also accept future projections for nuclear power and other scenario parameters in order to predict future fuel cycle material requirements.The model has been designed to be an optimum mixture of simplicity, speed and accuracy. It does not require too many input parameters if the purpose is just to compare the requirements for selected scenarios. Furthermore, the accuracy of the system can be improved by introducing more detailed and correct sets of input parameters.