Linguistische Berichte Heft 277
Linguistische Berichte Heft 277

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2024-02-16

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 3967693953

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Milena Belosevic: Die Semantik ereignisbasierter Personennamenkomposita im Deutschen Abstract: The paper aims to account for the semantic properties of eventive personal name compounds in German (e.g. Brezel-Bush/Pretzel-Bush). These are compounds where the compound constituents are combined based on the discursive event in which the name bearer has participated. In this regard, the question arises of how the relationship between the compound constituents can be modelled given that the knowledge about the discursive event plays a central role. Starting from the corpus data collected from the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo), the Digital Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS) and Twitter (X), we test the hypothesis that the relationships between the constituents of eventive personal name compounds cannot be captured by existing approaches to the semantics of compounds. Instead we apply two frame semantics approaches to this compound type: an approach based on the German FrameNet and an approach based on Barsalou frames and show how they contribute to the linguistic operationalization of discursive events that underlie the relationship between the constituents. The analysis indicates that well-known advantages and disadvantages of both frame semantic approaches also apply to the eventive personal name compounds. Whereas the limited set of frame elements from the German FrameNet in combination with construction morphology can account for the non-compositional compound meaning, Barsalou-Frames are recursive and therefore provide better evidence for different aspects of knowledge involved in the interpretation of eventive personal name compounds. – Wei Gu: Geburtstagsglückwünsche in digitalen Dialogen: Ein Vergleich zwischen deutschsprachigen WhatsApp- und chinesischen WeChat-Messengernachrichten Abstract: This article is a contrastive study of birthday interactions in German and Chinese on WhatsApp and WeChat, respectively. The congratulatory formulas of both languages are examined, along with communicative and culture-specific phenomena related to written languages and pictograms in digital writing. This article attempts to explain the theoretical basis of general routine formulas and formulaic language, as well as greetings in messenger writing, and linguistic cultural analysis. In addition, the author has conducted an empirical investigation. At the textual level, high-frequency expressions in German and Chinese congratulatory dialogues have been collected quantitatively and presented in two word clouds. Apart from this, concrete acts of communication in both contexts will be analyzed qualitatively. The associated image-related discussion is conducted based on an overview of the general use of image symbols in messenger messages and, in particular, of the 15 emojis that are identified to be most frequently used as non-verbal components of congratulations. This is followed by examples of the use of figurative signs and a qualitative discussion of their culture-specific characteristics. This article also identifies the relationship building in birthday congratulations in Chinese WeChat and German WhatsApp. This research explains the change of the use of emojis and stickers in messenger writing and whether new communication possibilities in messenger messages can be expected in the future. – Judith Kalinowski: 'Leichte Sprache' in German as a foreign language: an empirical study about compound separation and pronoun use Abstract: 'Leichte Sprache' is a variety of German that is linguistically and structurally reduced in its complexity. It intends to facilitate reading and thus to make it easier for people with poor reading skills to participate in society. The target groups of Leichte Sprache are very heterogeneous, therefore, it is an open question which target groups benefit from which rules of Leichte Sprache.

Linguistische Berichte Heft 270
Linguistische Berichte Heft 270

Author: Günther Grewendorf

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2022-05-19

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 3967691772

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Abstracts Wegner, Dennis, Härtl, Holden, Schlechtweg, Marcel: Optionality and the recovery of temporal information in German verb clusters. While the clause-final placement of finite elements is usually quite rigid in German embedded clauses, verbal clusters mark an exception in that they allow finite temporal auxiliaries to be placed linearly before the verbal elements they embed. The prescriptive rules of Standard German suggest that there is optionality with respect to the two ordering possibilities at least in future clauses. However, previous studies have shown that this also holds for perfect clauses with lassen ('let'). Based on two experimental studies focussing on verbal clusters with continuative lassen ('let') and perception verbs, which supposedly have similar properties, the present paper aims at investigating a) whether there really is proper optionality with respect to placing the finite auxiliary in a cluster-initial or clause-final position, and b) whether preposing the temporal auxiliary induces advantages for the processing of temporal information. Pafel, Jürgen: Konditionale und minimale Differenz. Counterfactuals invite us to imagine a course of the world in which certain state-of-affairs obtain which might be contrary to fact, but which is otherwise identical to the real course of the world. They invite us to imagine a minimal different course of the world. Minimal difference is an essential ingredient of many, perhaps most, semantic accounts of counterfactuals. They differ in the way they conceptualize minimal difference. I present a definition of 'minimal different course of the world' after discussing many scenarios in detail, with respect to which certain counterfactuals are supposed to be true or false. Minimal difference means that, as for a 'counterfactual' course of the world, everything is as it actually is except that (i) the counterfactual's antecedent is true and (ii) state-of-affair obtain which are possible in virtue of (i) and the regularities of the world. With this background, the truth condition of a counterfactual can be stated as follows: It is true if the consequent is true in every course of the world in which the antecedent is true, and which is minimal different from the actual course of the world. This kind of truth condition is argued to be adequate for singular indicative conditionals too. Various problems concerning this extension are discussed. A closer look at the pragmatics of counterfactuals exhibits a variety of different 'implications', whose status is partially unclear. Finally, I discuss the prospects of extending the minimal-difference semantics of conditionals to causals. Bauer, Anastasia: Rezension: Vadim Kimmelman (2019): Information structure in sign languages. Evidence from Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands. Berlin: De Gruyter and Ishara Press. Krstic, Vladimir: Rezension: Meibauer, Jörg (ed.) (2019): The Oxford handbook of lying. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tsiknakis, Antonios: Rezension: Sonja Müller (2019): Die Syntax-Pragmatik-Schnittstelle. Ein Studienbuch. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto. Klaus, Müllner: Informationen und Hinweise.

Linguistische Berichte Heft 274
Linguistische Berichte Heft 274

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2023-05-30

Total Pages: 131

ISBN-13: 3967692817

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Emanuela Sanfelici: On the strength of D0: case resolution phenomena in free relative clauses Abstract: This paper proposes a novel account of free relative clauses (RCs), which associates case resolution patterns to the typology of D0 heads à la Longobardi (1994), Guardiano & Longobardi (2005). Although free RCs generally obey matching requirements, certain languages tolerate configurations where the case assigned by the matrix clause to the nominal phrase containing the free RC conflicts with that assigned within the RC. Languages vary as to whether they allow for case conflicting configurations and apply case resolution, and, if they do, as to whether the case conflict is resolved in compliance with that assigned from the matrix or the RC probe. By adopting a cartographic approach to free RCs, I account for the linguistic variation by means of two ingredients: (a) the property of the D0 head in a given language, strong vs. weak D0, and, in turn, of the feature-sharing mechanisms between D0 and the lower heads; (b) the operation of chain reduction phrased in terms of a subset relation. – Christian Hugo Hoffmann: Die Philosophie der Philosophie: Was zeichnet genuin philosophische Fragen aus? Abstract: Philosophy cannot be studied without becoming engaged in philosophy itself. Taking Timothy Williamson's seminal work "The Philosophy of Philosophy" as a point of departure for this analysis at hand, and a specific question therein, in his book, presented by him as genuinely philosophical, we discuss in this paper what characterizes distinguished philosophical questions and what does not. While Williamson responds critically to the so-called linguistic and conceptual turn considered central to (analytic) philosophy by con-tending that his chosen question, representative of many more, is philosophical but not even implicitly meta-linguistic or meta-conceptual, our contribution is different and three-fold: first, in homage to Williamson, we show that he might not achieve his argumentative goal. Going beyond the limited framework set by his monograph, we further argue, second and more generally, that the predicate "being a philosophical question" (such as his model question) suffers from vagueness. Finally, third, we derive implications from our investigation for the meta-philosophical answers of the Linguistic and Conceptual Turns. – Alexander Horn: Sprachgeschichtliche Stolperstellen im Geschichtscomic MOSAIK und ihr didaktisches Potential für den Deutschunterricht. Abstract: Up to now, comics have mainly been used for teaching literature. In this article, approaches of language teaching methodology for the use of comics in German classes are presented. Using the example of the history comic Mosaik, the article discusses different variants of language-historical staging. The didactic potential subsequently shown illustrates how comics can be used in language teaching to promote both vocabulary acquisition and the development of language criticism competence and thus the formation of language awareness among students. Rezensionen – Anja Müller: Fuchs, Julia (2020): Erwerb von Informationsstrukturellen Fähigkeiten – Produktion und Rezeption von (in)definiten Artikeln bei deutschsprachigen Kindern. – Niklas Reinken: Andreas, Renate & Michael Andreas (2020): Praxis-Fachbuch für den kompetenten Rechtschreibunterricht. Neue Erkenntnisse – Neue Wege Informationen und Hinweise von Klaus Müllner und den Herausgeber*innen

Linguistische Berichte Heft 276
Linguistische Berichte Heft 276

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2023-12-07

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 396769285X

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Nanna Fuhrhop, Niklas Reinken & Jonas Romstadt: Der 'modalisierende' Gebrauch von Anführungszeichen in Abiturklausuren Abstract: Quotation marks are substantially used for direct speech and citations. For the 'modalizing' use, the Official Rules state that a "different understanding than usual" is indicated; they give very little information on the use of quotation marks beyond literal reference. It therefore seems all the more interesting to investigate the usage of modalizing quotation marks. In the present analysis, we studied the school-leaving examinations of an entire year. School-leaving examinations are texts by persons whose institutional acquisition of written language can be regarded as complete; they are texts written by skilled writers. The investigation takes into account both formal and functional observations. We recognized differences between school subjects that can be interpreted with regard to the concept of educational language. The writers described here showed a high sensitivity (conscious or unconscious) to the use of quotation marks, which we call the "struggle for educational language". This may be related to the corpus investigated here. However, our study constitutes a solid basis for further corpus studies on quotation marks. – Juliane Schwab, Jutta L. Mueller & Mingya Liu: Dimensions of variation in sentence comprehension: a case study on understating negative polarity items in German Abstract: Despite the rich theoretical and empirical literature on negative polarity items (NPIs) in general, understating NPIs like all that or much have received relatively little attention in psycholinguistics. In this paper, we investigate the comprehension, processing, and production of two such understating NPIs in German, namely 'sonderlich' ('particularly') and 'so recht' ('really'). In a first experiment, using self-paced reading and naturalness ratings, we found that 'sonderlich', contrary to 'so recht', was rated as natural in affirmative contexts although this environment is incompatible with NPIs. The finding is subsequently extended to the domain of sentence production, demonstrating that 'so recht' was consistently used as NPI, but 'sonderlich' was not. The last two experiments investigate the factors underlying this finding, showing that the surprising patterns for 'sonderlich' may relate to its susceptibility for interference from form- and meaning-related lexical competitors during tasks that strain cognitive resources, and, to some extent, to individual differences in participants' language aptitude measured through print exposure. Based on the novel empirical data, we discuss the theoretical status of 'sonderlich' and 'so recht' as understating NPIs, on the one hand, and the cognitive mechanisms affecting retrieval of their NPI-related lexical-semantic features, on the other. Rezensionen – Sophie Ellsäßer: Magali Paquot & Stefan Th. Gries (Hgg.) (2020): A practical handbook of corpus linguistics – Okan Kubus: Gary Morgan (ed.) (2020): Understanding deafness, language and development – Horst M. Müller: Michael A. Arbib (Hg.) (2020): How the brain got language – towards a new road map Informationen und Hinweise von Klaus Müllner und den Herausgeber*innen

Linguistische Berichte Heft 275
Linguistische Berichte Heft 275

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2023-09-04

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 3967692833

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Aktuelle Tendenzen in der Linguistik – Fabian Bross: Zur Syntax der Negation im Deutschen Abstract: The goal of the present article is a syntactic description of different types of negation in German. To be more precise, this article deals with sentential negation, constituent negation, and two types of contrastive negation. First, several tests are introduced to differentiate between sentential, constituent, and contrastive negation. Then, the different types of negation will be analyzed. While it is generally assumed in the literature that sentential negation in German is located directly above the VP, this article argues that there are reasons to believe that sentential negation is located in a higher position in-between tense and the VP. Additionally, it will be proposed that constituent negation is not a type of negation on its own right, but a special instance of sentential negation taking scope inside of a propositional expression which is embedded in a clause. Concerning contrastive negation, data will be presented suggesting that it comes in two flavors: contrastive constituent negation and contrastive sentential negation. It is argued that with contrastive constituent negation the whole negated constituent is moved into a position above tense, while with contrastive sentential negation there is no movement of a constituent, but a structurally high position for this kind of negation taking wide scope. Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Zhen Zeng: Die Modalverben können und dürfen sowie ihre Übersetzungsmöglichkeiten im modernen Chinesisch Abstract: This article focuses on the modal verbs können and dürfen and their translational equivalents in modern Chinese. In the theoretical part, the modal verbs können and dürfen are compared to the Chinese equivalents néng/nénggòu, huì and kĕyĭ. This section shows the similarities and differences between können and dürfen and their Chinese equivalents. The following empirical investigations are intended to find out other Chinese translation options for können and dürfen as well as other German translation options for néng/nénggòu, huì and kĕyĭ. Two novels from German and modern Chinese serve as analysis data basis, so that translations from German into Chinese and from Chinese into German are the main focus of the study. The results obtained through the analysis can be used by Chinese translators with German as their first language to translate können and dürfen. In addition, German learners of Chinese can familiarize themselves with the modality types and the use of können and dürfen. – Hans-Martin Gärtner & Beáta Gyuris: On further delimiting the space of bias profiles for polar interrogatives Abstract: In Gärtner & Gyuris (2017) we defined the "bias profileˮ of an individual polar interrogative clause type as a non-empty choice from the power sets of evidential bias options and epistemic bias options for each of its expressive instantiations as positive polar question (PPQ), and negative polar questions with inside (IN-NPQ) and outside negation (ON-NPQ) in the sense of Ladd (1981). By simple arithmetic we predicted the existence of (7x7)^3 = 117649 such bias profiles. We then explored the "spaceˮ of bias profiles and demonstrated a numerical reduction to just (4x2)^3 = 512 permissible types. This was based on differential choices from the sets of evidential and epistemic biases, formulated in terms of the principle of Static Complementarity (together with the principle of Convexity). In the current brief note, we will show how to considerably cut down options further by in addition imposing a bi-uniqueness constraint on the evidential bias of IN-NPQs.

Linguistische Berichte Heft 278
Linguistische Berichte Heft 278

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2024-05-15

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 396769397X

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Daniel Gutzmann & Katharina Turgay: Expressive Interpunktion!?! Interpunktion zwischen Grammatik (?) und Pragmatik! Abstract: Whereas the use of most punctuation marks is thought to be governed by grammatical rules, some punctuation marks can be used in a more expressive way that rather reflects emotions and/or attitudes of the writer instead of grammatical properties. In this paper, we will discuss the distinction between grammatical and expressive punctuation and suggest that pragmatic punctuation marks exhibit certain features that the more grammatical punctuation marks do not: They are expressive, they can occur rather freely inside a sentence, they can be repeated to intensify their effect, and they can be combined with other expressive punctuation. A comparison of commas and exclamation points illustrates the difference between grammatical and pragmatic punctuation marks. We will investigate the most common punctuation marks with respect to these properties and assign them a place in what may be called the grammar-pragmatics continuum of punctuation. We will conclude with a comparison between expressive punctuation and emojis which can be used to fulfill similar roles and present a case study of the combination "!?!". – Vera Lee-Schoenfeld, Gabriele Diewald & Maud Kelly: German double-accusative verbs: different solutions for avoiding a marked construction. Abstract: Extending Lee-Schoenfeld & Diewald's (2017) corpus investigation and formal analysis of 'lehren' ('teach') to the other four German double-accusative verbs, 'abfragen', 'abhören' (both meaning 'quiz/test'), 'kosten' ('cost'), and 'fragen' ('ask'), we show that each verb follows its own individual path to overriding the highly marked ACC > ACC pattern, with the latest usage data revealing notably different results as to the verbs' most typical syntactic patterns, meaning variants, and contextual features. Specifically, we propose that this small group of verbs makes use of three different "strategies" for avoiding the ACC > ACC pattern: (i) change of major valency frame from a ditransitive to a monotransitive pattern ('abhören' and 'abfragen'), (ii) limiting the second object to primarily a clausal or prepositional one ('fragen'), and (iii) semantic diversification / polysemy combined with different preferences as to the valency pattern per meaning ('kosten'). We back up these claims by comparing the usage patterns of the verbs in four time periods between 1800 and 2010 via corpus analyses using DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, https://www.dwds.de/). We also present the results of a synchronic search using the German web corpus deTenTen. – Aline Meili: The influence of sign language on writing: on cross-modal transfer in texts by DHH learners. Abstract: Literacy is an important competence not only in a scholarly setting, but also for actively taking part in a literate society. For deaf users of a sign language, however, the 'written word' is challenging for the following two reasons. First, signers of a face-to-face, unwritten visual language need to transfer their message into a written modality. Second, as there is no widely accepted standardized written form for signed languages, the code which they must use is that of the written representation of an oral language, which is often a second language (L2) to users of a sign language. The study reported here addresses these challenges with written German data collected from Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) deaf signers. The variations found in these written German texts are the result not only of second language acquisition processes common to both hearing and deaf L2 learners of German, but also of cross-modal (visual/spatial – acoustic/oral) interferences unique to deaf L2 learners of the oral language.

Linguistische Berichte Heft 279
Linguistische Berichte Heft 279

Author: Markus Steinbach

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2024-08-28

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 3967693996

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Lena Stutz: 'Wo ein Sprichwort ist, ist auch ein Muster.' Korpusbasierte Studien zur Produktivität und Schematizität deutscher Sprichwortmuster. Abstract: This article focuses a certain type of phraseological construction that has only been marginally investigated in phraseological research so far: productive, partially schematic units that go back to lexically fully specified phrasemes that, due to the popularity of the modification of certain positions, have developed over time into phrasemes with conceptual slot positions that require a separate cognitive anchoring, i. e. constitute an independent lexicon entry. On the basis of an exemplary selection of German proverbs like 'Ein Unglück kommt selten allein' (lit. 'A misfortune never comes alone') that are taken from the "Sprichwörterbuch" of the IDS-dictionary platform OWID (vgl. SWB), it will be shown that through serially and systematically operated modification processes, proverbs have even created a considerable amount of semi-schematic patterns that are used more or less productively. With recourse to Stumpf's (2016) distinction between modification patterns ("Modifikationsmuster") and phraseological schemata ("Modellbildungen") it will be argued, on empirical grounds, that said patterns underly different degrees of productivity and schematicity in that some of them represent only 'modification series' of the lexically specified proverb base (and thus are located as a phenomenon on the parole level) and others constitute 'true' phraseological constructions with an intrinsic vacancy structure that expand the lexicon (and therefore have the status of a system-level phenomenon). The central method used here are 'slot analyses', carried out by the corpus linguistic tool 'Lexpan' (Steyer & Brunner 2014), which allows for the differentiation of modified and schematic phrasemes on the basis of certain frequency values. In addition, 'timeline graphs' (Lüngen & Keibel 2014) are used, which can be particularly useful in classifying transition phenomena by visualizing the annual development of modifications over the last decades. – Lirim Selmani: Der koranische Imperativ 'qul' und seine Wiedergabe im Deutschen, sprechhandlungstheoretisch betrachtet. Abstract: In the Qoran, commands are commonly used by the devine speaker to address Mohammed and further addressees. The imperative mode is used frequently, especially the imperative "say!" ('qul'). The imperative is a linguistic devise which is specific to discourses. Hence it will be argued that the Qoran is a discourse rather than a text in the proper sense. The 'qul'-speech is closely related to the unwillingness of the addressees who do not believe in the prophethood of Mohammed. In German there are three lexicalized verbs for Arabic 'qul': 'sagen', 'sprechen', 'reden'. These verbs differ semantically form each other: 'sagen' puts the focus on the addressee, 'sprechen' puts the focus on the proposition, and 'reden' indicates a bidirectional communication. It will be shown how the Qoranic imperative 'qul' is translated into German. Rezensionen – Harro Stammerjohann: Raffaele Simone (2020): 'Il software del linguaggio' & Raffaele Simone (2022): 'La grammatica presa sul serio. Come è nata, come funziona e come cambia'. – Cornelia Loos: Josep Quer, Annika Herrmann, Roland Pfau (2020): 'The Routledge handbook of theoretical and experimental sign language research'. – Vilma Symanczyk Joppe: Sonja Taigel (2021): 'Ikonizität'. Informationen und Hinweise von Klaus Müllner und den Herausgeber*innen

Linguistische Berichte Heft 272
Linguistische Berichte Heft 272

Author: Günther Grewendorf

Publisher: Helmut Buske Verlag

Published: 2022-11-02

Total Pages: 123

ISBN-13: 3967691896

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Beiträge aus Forschung und Anwendung – Jörg Meibauer: Konzepte des unwahrhaftigen Implikatierens – Realistisches Lügenkonzept und die Verpflichtung auf die Wahrheit konversationeller Implikaturen. Abstract: A realistic concept of lying is one that comprises the levels of semantics and pragmatics, and, within pragmatics, speech act theory and implicature theory. Moreover, it focuses on communicated meaning as understood by an average discourse participant. This paper discusses whether lying is regarded by the folk as not only insincerely asserting a false-believed content but also untruthfully implicating a content. Since this is a matter of dispute, recent experimental results on this question are discussed. It turns out that the speaker's commitment to a content is what ultimately matters when judgments about deceptive acts are made. – Irene Rapp & Raphaela Wolman: Inszenierte Ironie: Lügen, Irrtümer und Missverständnisse in einem fusionierten Common-Ground-Modell. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to establish a common ground model for multi-layered communication in drama. In particular, we will focus on the concept of irony. We will show that in drama ironic effects can be achieved by presenting lies, fallacies or misunderstandings. Whilst these phenomena are communication failures in the internal communication system, they lead to second-order implicatures in the outer communication system, i. e. the communication system between text and audience. In Rapp & Wolman (2020a) an evidence-based common ground model was presented in order to describe communications failures in single-layered communication. To capture the interaction of an inner and an outer communication system we will combine their parts in a specific manner: whereas the discourse commitments are taken from the inner system, all other components (common ground, beliefs, facts) belong to the outer system. Importantly, the outer system also includes second-order implicatures arising from communication failures in the inner system. We will illustrate this model by examining crucial passages of the bourgeois tragedy Kabale und Liebe by Friedrich Schiller. Praktisches aus Forschung und Lehre – Felicitas Otte, Elena Jahn, Cornelia Loos, Julian Bleicken & Annika Herrmann: The DGS corpus as a linguistic resource: student research and beyond. Abstract: This paper has two objectives: we provide a detailed description of the DGS corpus, the largest existing collection of German Sign Language (DGS) data, and we show how such a corpus may be and already has been used as a resource for linguistic research in academic settings. In the first part, we describe where and how the Public DGS Corpus can be accessed, the types of elicitation tasks and formats that were used for data collection, and the regional and sociolinguistic background of the participants. Taking into account which phonetic, morpho-syntactic, and lexical information has been annotated thus far, we then make suggestions for a wide range of applications of the corpus in phonetic, morphological, syntactic, information structural, sociolinguistic, and typological studies of DGS. Lastly, we summarize the methodologies and results of selected research projects that are based on the DGS corpus. Rezensionen – Robert Mroczynski: Neuhaus, Laura (2019): Linguistik der Litotes im Deutschen – Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik einer 'nicht uninteressanten' Redefigur. – Fabian Ehrmantraut: Pafel, Jürgen (2020): Referenz. – Said Sahel: Selmani, Lirim (2020): Adjektiv. Informationen und Hinweise von Klaus Müllner und den Herausgeber*innen