This book is aimed at studying the scattering of monochromatic radiation in plane inhomogeneous media. We are dealing with the media whose optical properties depend on a single spatial coordinate, namely of a depth. The most widely known books on radiation transfer, for instance 1. S. Chandrasekhar, Radiative Transfer, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1950, (RT), 2. V. V. Sobolev, Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres, New York, Pergamon Press, 1975, (LSPA), 3. H. C. van de Hulst, Multiple Light Scattering. Tables, Formulas and - plications. Vol. 1,2, New York, Academic Press, 1980, (MLS), treat mainly the homogeneous atmospheres. However, as known, the actual atmospheres of stars and planets, basins of water, and other artificial and nat ural media are not homogeneous. This book deals with the model of vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere, which is closer to reality than the homogeneous models. This book is close to the aforementioned monographs in its scope of prob lems and style. Therefore, I guess that a preliminary knowledge of the con tents of these books, particularly of the book by Sobolev, would facilitate the readers' task substantially. On the other hand, all concepts, problems, and equations used in this book are considered in full in Chap. 1. So, it will be possible for those readers who do not possess the above knowledge to understand this book. A general idea about the content of the book can be gained from both the Introduction and the Table of Contents.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 18 contains literature published in 1976 and received before March 1, 1977; some older liter ature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included.
Part 1: SCATTERING OF WAVES BY MACROSCOPIC TARGET -- Interdisciplinary aspects of wave scattering -- Acoustic scattering -- Acoustic scattering: approximate methods -- Electromagnetic wave scattering: theory -- Electromagnetic wave scattering: approximate and numerical methods -- Electromagnetic wave scattering: applications -- Elastodynamic wave scattering: theory -- Elastodynamic wave scattering: Applications -- Scattering in Oceans -- Part 2: SCATTERING IN MICROSCOPIC PHYSICS AND CHEMICAL PHYSICS -- Introduction to direct potential scattering -- Introduction to Inverse Potential Scattering -- Visible and Near-visible Light Scattering -- Practical Aspects of Visible and Near-visible Light Scattering -- Nonlinear Light Scattering -- Atomic and Molecular Scattering: Introduction to Scattering in Chemical -- X-ray Scattering -- Neutron Scattering -- Electron Diffraction and Scattering -- Part 3: SCATTERING IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS -- Nuclear Physics -- Part 4: PARTICLE SCATTERING -- State of the Art of Peturbative Methods -- Scattering Through Electro-weak Interactions (the Fermi Scale) -- Scattering Through Strong Interactions (the Hadronic or QCD Scale) -- Part 5: SCATTERING AT EXTREME PHYSICAL SCALES -- Scattering at Extreme Physical Scales -- Part 6: SCATTERING IN MATHEMATICS AND NON-PHYSICAL SCIENCES -- Relations with Other Mathematical Theories -- Inverse Scattering Transform and Non-linear Partial Differenttial Equations -- Scattering of Mathematical Objects.
Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence, significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few world-wide distributed stations.