Language at War. A Critical Discourse Analysis by Speeches of Bush and Obama on War and Terrorism

Language at War. A Critical Discourse Analysis by Speeches of Bush and Obama on War and Terrorism

Author: Martin Lausten

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2016-06-09

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13: 3668237727

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Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: A+, , course: Discourse and Society, language: English, abstract: On the basis of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis this work will examine the discourse in two speeches by George W. Bush and Barack Obama to determine in what way they legitimize the War on Terror. Although speeches on terrorism have been part of American politics for a long time, since 2001 as a result of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, they seem to have become more important, both with ex-President Bush and the current President Obama. On the morning of September 11, 2001 the world changed with the terrorist attacks and then the political discourse surrounding the event changed our understanding of the event even further. The world witnessed a great act of terrorism. In the weeks, months, and years to come Bush gave a series of speeches in which he focused on terrorism, leading up to the coinage of the "Axis of evil". However, in his first post 9/11 speech, Bush's discourse categorized the terrorist as "evil", and in his first speech to Congress post 9/11 we hear for the first time the phrase "War on Terror". This phrase has come to define the presidency of George Bush. It was inherited and further refined by President Obama and has now also to a degree come to define his presidency. In September 2014 Obama held a speech on ISIL and declared them a terrorist organisation with barbaric values. Though 13 years had passed and a democratic President had replaced a Republican President, these words sounds very similar to some of the words which Bush used in his speech.


State, Memory, and Egypt’s Victory in the 1973 War

State, Memory, and Egypt’s Victory in the 1973 War

Author: Mustafa Menshawy

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-04-04

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 3319501216

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This book explores and problematises the war discourse regarding Egypt's victory in the 1973 War. It traces the process through which this discourse was constructed and reconstructed by the state throughout the periods of President Anwar Sadat, his successor Hosni Mubarak, and afterwards. It uses Critical Discourse Analysis to combine analysis of texts commemorating the war with a study of the socio-political milieu related to personal authoritarianism and the state’s intricate relations with the army, the press and Islamists.


International Journal of Language Studies (IJLS) - Volume 13(3)

International Journal of Language Studies (IJLS) - Volume 13(3)

Author: Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan

Publisher:

Published: 2019-08-09

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 0359843050

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CONTENTS: Manual and automatic corpus compilation: A case study for legal translations by Patrizia GIAMPIERI (1-16); Teaching purposefully: Considering the perspectives of foreign language learners in language skill development by William K. BIMPONG (17-36); A conversation analytic study of virtual vs. CALL language classes: With reference to adjacency pairs by Ali KAZEMI & Farshad AZIMIFAR (37-60); "I deeply regret that some perceive my being here as political": Rhetorical analysis of Netanyahu's speech on the Iran nuclear deal as a securitizing move by Forough AMIN & Alessandra GAGARIDIS (61-86); Dovetailing focus on form instruction with cognitive styles: A constructive endeavor by Farzin KHALILI & Zhila MOHAMMADNIA (87-108); An etymological exploration and dissection of Sogdian loanwords in Modern Persian by Farrokh HAJIANI (109-134); English for Specific Purposes (ESP): The state of the art (An online interview with Mohammad Hassan Tahririan) by Mohammad Hassan TAHRIRIAN & Azizeh CHALAK (135-141)


Presidential Leadership and National Security

Presidential Leadership and National Security

Author: Richard S. Conley

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-10-31

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 1351979833

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This book assesses the foreign policy legacy of the Obama administration through the lens of national security and leadership. Timely, accessible chapters authored by leading scholars of presidential and international politics cover White House-Cabinet relations; Congress and War Powers; challenges including the Iran nuclear deal, ISIS, and the closing of Guantanamo Bay; drone strikes; the New Cold War with Russia; and the ways in which the Obama foreign policy legacy shaped the 2016 presidential election. In particular, the book explores the philosophical basis of counter-terrorism strategy in the Obama administration and traces how precepts differed from the administration of George W. Bush. More generally, the book contributes to an understanding of the distinctive interplay between the formal, constitutional powers of the president and the use of informal, executive powers in the quest for peace and security. Finally, the book surveys the challenges that Donald J. Trump faces in the transition to the new presidential administration.


Rethinking Warfare in the 21st Century

Rethinking Warfare in the 21st Century

Author: Iulian Chifu

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2023-07-13

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 1009355260

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This book seeks to critically review and evaluate the changes and consistencies in how warfare is interpreted and represented by academics, mass media outlets and political actors in the 21st century. The authors suggest that it is essential to understand the evolution and transformation of contemporary warfare's conceptualisation and practice in order to make sense of the current global geopolitical transformations that are in process, from a unipolar to multipolar global order. They therefore examine the various key actors in international relations from conceptual, theoretical and empirical perspectives through thematic chapters that demonstrate the increasingly central role played by intangible factors in the representation and management of contemporary armed conflict. The book stresses the need to reflect and rethink the potentially highly problematic trajectory of the global community within the framework of 21st century warfare's political and informational influence and effects.


Understanding Discourse Analysis

Understanding Discourse Analysis

Author: Bernadette Vine

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-03-10

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 1000836541

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Understanding Discourse Analysis provides students with an accessible and well-illustrated introduction to discourse analysis. Explaining the main terminology and frameworks and presenting key findings of discourse studies, this book: Explores the development of discourse analysis Covers four key approaches to analysing discourse Uses authentic spoken or written texts in all examples Features data from the Wellington Language in the Workplace Project database Includes examples from a wide range of languages from around the world, such as Chilean Spanish, Korean and Serbo-Croatian Written by an active researcher, this textbook is a fascinating and engaging introduction to discourse analysis and is ideal for students studying this topic for the first time.


Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition

Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition

Author: Christopher Hart

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 9027206341

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Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) is an exciting research enterprise in which scholars are concerned with the discursive reproduction of power and inequality. However, researchers in CDS are increasingly recognising the need to investigate the cognitive dimensions of discourse and context if they want to fully account for any connection between language, legitimisation and social action. This book presents a collection of papers in CDS concerned with various ideological discourses. Analyses are firmly rooted in linguistics and cognition constitutes a major focus of attention. The chapters, which are written by prominent researchers in CDS, come from a broad range of theoretical perspectives spanning pragmatics, cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics. The book is essential reading for anyone working at the cutting edge of CDS and especially for those wishing to explore the central place that cognition must surely hold in the relationship between discourse and society.


Pragmatic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics Volume II

Pragmatic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics Volume II

Author: Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2013-01-16

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 1443845655

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Pragmatics of Semantically-Restricted Domains, the second volume of Pragmatic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics, edited by Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka, gathers papers which partly complement and develop the first volume, Speech Actions in Theory and Applied Studies (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010). Most of the texts collected in this book, representative of advanced independent research and that of an informed exercise in the application of a pragmatic framework, result from the Fourth Symposium on “New Developments in Linguistic Pragmatics,” organized at the University of Łódź, Poland, in May 2008. Accepting the inevitable failure of any attempt to pose a strict and clear-cut division between the research area of semantics and that of pragmatics, the volume focuses on pragmatics-oriented analyses of data which are best described as “semantically” limited. While Volume One concentrated on speech as a type of action, the present volume, without denying the inherently actional nature of language use, concentrates on limited contexts. Pragmatic phenomena in semantically-restricted domains are addressed from a variety of both theoretical and applied perspectives. The book is divided in three parts. Part One, “Pragmatics, Politics and Ideology,” gathers seven papers centered on issues pertaining to political linguistics. In Part Two, “The Pragmatics of Humour, Power and the Media,” there are eight papers which explore issues of politeness and modesty, pragmatic aspects of mediated and gendered discourse, or dynamicity of power relation in interaction. Part Three, “Focus on Textual Properties,” concentrates on text, excluding political discourse. It integrates discussions of equivalence and specialized translation, intertextual properties and pragmatically-motivated lexical choices in business communication, in law, and in science.


The Routledge History of Terrorism

The Routledge History of Terrorism

Author: Randall D. Law

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-03-27

Total Pages: 542

ISBN-13: 1317514874

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Though the history of terrorism stretches back to the ancient world, today it is often understood as a recent development. Comprehensive enough to serve as a survey for students or newcomers to the field, yet with enough depth to engage the specialist, The Routledge History of Terrorism is the first single-volume authoritative reference text to place terrorism firmly into its historical context. Terrorism is a transnational phenomenon with a convoluted history that defies easy periodization and narrative treatment. Over the course of 32 chapters, experts in the field analyze its historical significance and explore how and why terrorism emerged as a set of distinct strategies, tactics, and mindsets across time and space. Chapters address not only familiar topics such as the Northern Irish Troubles, the Palestine Liberation Organization, international terrorism, and the rise of al-Qaeda, but also lesser-explored issues such as: American racial terrorism state terror and terrorism in the Middle Ages tyrannicide from Ancient Greece and Rome to the seventeenth century the roots of Islamist violence the urban guerrilla, terrorism, and state terror in Latin America literary treatments of terrorism. With an introduction by the editor explaining the book’s rationale and organization, as well as a guide to the definition of terrorism, an historiographical chapter analysing the historical approach to terrorism studies, and an eight-chapter section that explores critical themes in the history of terrorism, this book is essential reading for all those interested in the past, present, and future of terrorism.


Philosophy in a Time of Terror

Philosophy in a Time of Terror

Author: Giovanna Borradori

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0226066657

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The idea for Philosophy in a Time of Terror was born hours after the attacks on 9/11 and was realized just weeks later when Giovanna Borradori sat down with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida in New York City, in separate interviews, to evaluate the significance of the most destructive terrorist act ever perpetrated. This book marks an unprecedented encounter between two of the most influential thinkers of our age as here, for the first time, Habermas and Derrida overcome their mutual antagonism and agree to appear side by side. As the two philosophers disassemble and reassemble what we think we know about terrorism, they break from the familiar social and political rhetoric increasingly polarized between good and evil. In this process, we watch two of the greatest intellects of the century at work.