This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is realized by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. The final product is Food Grade Lactic Acid solution containing 88 wt% of Lactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) "Hydrocarboxylic Acids", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar using a low pH fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then fermented to produce lactic acid. The process generates an 88 wt% lactic acid solution in water as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20060094093, issued to Cargill in 2006 (2) US Patent 7736514, issued to BASF in 2010 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Cell Recycle, Acid Tolerant Bacteria
Pharmacology Test Prep is an outstanding collection of 1500 clinical multiple-choice questions written according to USMLE guidelines and classified by learning objective and difficulty. The questions and answers in this book cover all the areas that are included in topic-based and organ system-based courses in the first two years of medical school. This book provides medical students preparing to take the USMLE with a thorough review of pharmacology concepts and is an excellent review book for those needing to brush up on pharmacology for their rotations. Key Features: Questions require students to analyze information before choosing the best answer Full explanations are included with answers, giving students a comprehensive USMLE review tool Organized along clinical as well as pharmacological lines, making it suitable for both Step 1 and Step 2 exam preparation
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from raw sugar using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Corbion process. In this process, the fermentation broth is acidified in order to recover Lactic Acid and the product purification is realized by the use of a solvent. The process generates an 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) EP Patent 1220827, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2006 (2) US Patent 6747173, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2004 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Calcium Carbonate, Sulfuric Acid
Features: *Hundreds of exam-style questions in USMLE vignette format *Comprehensive and detailed explanations of the correct and incorrect answer choices *Coverage of the most exam-relevant subjects to help students prepare efficiently *Test-taking and study strategies guides with expert perspectives on how to prepare for the exams
This report presents a cost analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) production starting from raw sugar The first section of the examined processis similar to Cargill process for lactic acid production, while the second section is similar to the NatureWorks process for polymerization of lactic acid. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then fermented to produce lactic acid. Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is done by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. An 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated and further polymerized to form Polylactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) US Patent 8674056, issued to NatureWorks in 2014 (3) EP Patent 1247808, issued to Cargill in 2003 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate, Lactide, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Dow, Biodegradable Polymer
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Corbion process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. The fermentation broth is acidified in order to recover Lactic Acid and the product purification is realized by the use of a solvent. An 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated as final product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7867736, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2011; (2) US Patent 6747173, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2004 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Calcium Carbonate, Sulfuric Acid
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is realized by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. The final product is Food Grade Lactic Acid solution containing 88 wt% of Lactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) "Hydrocarboxylic Acids", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from lactose using a fermentation process. In this process, a lactose solution is used as raw material. Lactic Acid purification is realized via ion exchange and product concentration is accomplished by reverse osmosis and evaporation. A 50 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) González, M. I., et al., “Purification of Lactic Acid from Fermentation Broths by Ion-Exchange Resins” (2) Perez, S. S., et al., “Production of Lactic Acid from Cheese Whey by Batch Cultures of Lactobacillus Helveticus” Keywords: 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Cell Recycle, Cation Exchange Resin, Anion Exchange Resin
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a low pH fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material and an 88 wt% lactic acid solution in water is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20060094093, issued to Cargill in 2006 (2) US Patent 7736514, issued to BASF in 2010 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Cell Recycle, Acid Tolerant Bacteria
