This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a speculative, continuous, low pH, fermentation process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. Lactic Acid is recovered from the fermentation broth through microfiltration and nanofiltration steps. An 80 wt% Technical Grade Lactic Acid, with 95 wt% purity is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Pal, P., et al., “Process Intensification in Lactic Acid Production: A Review of Membrane Based Processes” (2) Kwon, S., et al., “High-Rate Continuous Production of Lactic Acid by Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a Two-Stage Membrane Cell-Recycle Bioreactor” Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Cell Recycle
This report presents a cost analysis of Urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide. The process examined is similar to Stamicarbon's carbon dioxide stripping process. In this process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted to form ammonium carbamate intermediate, which is converted to Urea. The non-converted carbamate is stripped from the Urea solution by carbon dioxide and decomposed back to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are recycled to the Urea synthesis. After concentration and prilling steps, Urea Prills are obtained as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Urea," Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2010 (2) US Patent 9505712, issued to Stamicarbon in 2016 Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Stripping, Fertilizers, Stamicarbon, DSM, Urea Prills
Now in its fourth edition, this best-selling book is fully updated to address the ever increasing demands on healthcare professionals to deliver high-quality patient care. A multitude of factors impinge on healthcare delivery today, including an ageing population, more sophisticated medicines, high patient expectation and changing health service infrastructure. Time demands on primary care doctors have caused other models of service delivery to be adopted across the world, leading to ongoing changes in the traditional boundaries of care between doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Certain medical tasks are now being performed by nurses and pharmacists, for example prescribing. Healthcare policies to encourage patients to manage their own health have led to more medicines becoming available over the counter, allowing community pharmacists to manage and treat a wide range of conditions. Further deregulation of medicines to treat acute illness from different therapeutic areas seems likely. Government policy now encourages chronic disease management as a self-care activity, and could well be the largest area for future growth of reclassification of medicines. Pharmacists, now more than ever before, need to be able to recognise the signs and symptoms, and use an evidence-based approach to treatment. Community Pharmacy is intended for all non-medical prescribers but especially for pharmacists, from undergraduate students to experienced practitioners. Key features - Guidance for arriving at a differential diagnosis - Practical prescribing tips - Trigger points for referral boxes - Other hints and tips boxes - Specific questions to ask boxes - Case studies - Self-assessment questions Consistent approach gives: - Anatomy overview - History taking and physical examination - Prevalence and epidemiology - Aetiology - Arriving at a differential diagnosis - Clinical features - Conditions to eliminate Likely causes Unlikely causes Very unlikely causes - Evidence base for OTC medicine - Practical prescribing and product selection - More on the examination of eyes, ears and mouth - New sections on future-proofing (vaccinations etc.) - New material covering inter-professional education for clinical skills. Now with a free accompanying e-book on StudentConsult which also gives additional material on: - evidence-based medicine - videos on physical examination - additional written case studies - more multiple-choice questions
The Board Review Series (BRS) is aimed at providing basic knowledge as it relates to clinical situations and is used primarily by medical students studying for the United States Medical Licensing Examinations (USMLE). BRS Behavioral Science, Fifth Edition covers material on this subject that is addressed on USMLE Step 1, written in outline format to provide an efficient method of studying behavioral science for USMLE. The book includes at least 500 USMLE-style questions with accompanying annotated answers. An exam follows each chapter and a Comprehensive Exam is included at the end of the book. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an interactive question bank.
Pharmacology Test Prep is an outstanding collection of 1500 clinical multiple-choice questions written according to USMLE guidelines and classified by learning objective and difficulty. The questions and answers in this book cover all the areas that are included in topic-based and organ system-based courses in the first two years of medical school. This book provides medical students preparing to take the USMLE with a thorough review of pharmacology concepts and is an excellent review book for those needing to brush up on pharmacology for their rotations. Key Features: Questions require students to analyze information before choosing the best answer Full explanations are included with answers, giving students a comprehensive USMLE review tool Organized along clinical as well as pharmacological lines, making it suitable for both Step 1 and Step 2 exam preparation
Written for calculus-inclusive general chemistry courses, Chemical Principles helps students develop chemical insight by showing the connections between fundamental chemical ideas and their applications. Unlike other texts, it begins with a detailed picture of the atom then builds toward chemistry's frontier, continually demonstrating how to solve problems, think about nature and matter, and visualize chemical concepts as working chemists do. Flexibility in level is crucial, and is largely established through clearly labeling (separating in boxes) the calculus coverage in the text: Instructors have the option of whether to incorporate calculus in the coverage of topics. The multimedia integration of Chemical Principles is more deeply established than any other text for this course. Through the unique eBook, the comprehensive Chemistry Portal, Living Graph icons that connect the text to the Web, and a complete set of animations, students can take full advantage of the wealth of resources available to them to help them learn and gain a deeper understanding.
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Corbion process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. The fermentation broth is acidified in order to recover Lactic Acid and the product purification is realized by the use of a solvent. An 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) EP Patent 1220827, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2006 (2) US Patent 6747173, issued to Purac (now Corbion) in 2004 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Calcium Carbonate, Sulfuric Acid
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is realized by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. The final product is Food Grade Lactic Acid solution containing 88 wt% of Lactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) "Hydrocarboxylic Acids", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate
"Non-Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy" is a comprehensive book, written in an organized and concise format. The book offers an immersion into non-tubal ectopic pregnancy and the reader is invited, chapter after chapter, to visit the most important aspects of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies. The book covers all aspects of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies including epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Experts from all over the world have contributed to it, bringing the best from their research.The book presents the reader with the latest advances on non-tubal ectopic pregnancies.
This report presents a cost analysis of Lactic Acid production from glucose syrup using a low pH fermentation process. The process examined is similar to Cargill process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material and an 88 wt% lactic acid solution in water is generated as final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20060094093, issued to Cargill in 2006 (2) US Patent 7736514, issued to BASF in 2010 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Cell Recycle, Acid Tolerant Bacteria
